Early African Civilizations
How did Islam spread across Africa?
A: Arab nations _________________ African lands and spread Islam. Islam was also spread through t__________that traveled in caravans (large groups traveling together)
conquered / took over
traders
Why did feudalism develop in Europe?
When the ___________ Empire's king (Charlemagne) died, centralized control weakened.
People were given protection in exchange for loyalty and service.
a) Benin b) Holy Roman c)Byzantine d)Almohad
Holy Roman
What caused the Protestant Reformation (split between Catholic and Protestant Churches)?
1) Corruption in the _____________; one example is the sale of indulgences (buying forgiveness of sins)
2) The invention of the _____________ allowed for Bibles to be printed and read (relying less on the Church)
3) Disagreements about the Church's teachings
1) Church
2) printing press
Who called for the first Crusade?
a) Pope Leo IX
b) Pope Urban II
c) Pope Francis IV
d) Pope John Paul II
Pope Urban II
What were early goals of European explorers?
*find trade routes to expand trade (to obtain precious metals)
*gain wealth and power
*spread the religion of ______________________
Christianity
What 2 major goods made West African kingdoms wealthy?
bronze silver gold spices salt olive oil
gold and salt
Who worked the land in feudal Europe?
________________ were promised protection if they gave their loyalty and service to the lords.
serfs / peasants
What did Martin Luther do that sparked the Protestant Reformation?
He nailed ________________________.
In 1517, Luther nailed his 95 theses on the Church door in Wittenberg, Germany.
What was the main goal of the Crusades?
To take back ___________________________ from Muslim control.
Jerusalem / Holy Land
Who was Christopher Columbus?
He was an explorer who was born in Italy, but he convinced __________________ to fund his exploration. (Ferdinand and Isabella agreed)
What happened to the Taíno people?
After Columbus arrived, they suffered _________, became slaves, and there were a large number of deaths.
Spain
disease / sickness
Why was trade important to African civilizations?
Trade helped African civilizations increase their __________________ and introduced them to new ideas that they learned from ______________ exchange.
wealth/power
cultural
What did lords give knights in exchange for their service?
Land (fief)
The Church in Rome was not happy about Luther's ideas that were spreading throughout Europe.
The Pope gave Luther 60 days to recant his 95 theses or be declared a heretic and be excommunicated from the Church.
recant means ___________________
a heretic is someone who ___________________
excommunicated means ____________________
recant = take back what you said / admit what you said is false
heretic = someone who is a false teacher (teaching things that oppose the Church or Bible)
excommunicated = kicked out / not allowed to be part of a group
What are 2 reasons people went on the Crusades?
To gain ________________, find adventure, to receive _______________ of sins, and as a way to show their religious commitment and desire to support the Church.
wealth / money / riches
forgiveness
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas?
This treaty was an agreement dividing the Americas between Spain and ______________________.
a) Portugal b) France c) the Netherlands d) England
Portugal
What helped Mali become a wealthy and powerful kingdom?
Mali was led by a powerful king--Mansa Musa
He made his capital _________ a center of Islamic learning and culture.
a) Timbuktu b) Madina c) Makkah d) Kaaba
Timbuktu
King Henry II ________________ the power of the English monarchy. Common law (__________)replaced local laws.
increased decreased
a) laws for the entire kingdom
b) laws written under the feudal society
c) laws that only the poor had to follow
Common Law = laws for the entire kingdom
What beliefs did Martin Luther have that upset the Catholic Church?
1) He challenged the authority of the Church / Pope
2) He believed that truth came from _____________, not from the Pope or Church tradition
3) He also believed salvation came by faith alone, and he condemned the sale of indulgences by the Church.
The Bible / Holy Scripture
What is heresy?
Heresy is teaching that __________________ the teachings of the Bible or Church.
oppose / are different than
Name ONE short-term and ONE long-term effect of the Columbian Exchange.
The Columbian Exchange was the introduction of plants and animals between the New World and the Old World.
Short-term: _______________ spread /
Long-term: population growth, people grew new_____
disease
crops
What were 3 powerful trading states in West Africa?
Mali, ____________, and ____________
a) Mesopotamia, Egypt
b) Damascus, Seljuk
c) Songhai, Ghana
Songhai, Ghana
What are 2 reasons feudalism declined?
1) stronger ____________ came to power
2) The Black Death led to a shortage of ___________ and with this shortage, peasants refused to work and left to find better jobs.
1) kings
2) workers / labor
When Martin Luther threw the Pope's written warning into a bonfire, refusing to recant his beliefs, what did the Pope / Catholic Church do?
The Catholic Church excommunicated Luther, beginning the Protestant Reformation.
Today Protestants are second only to Catholics in its number of Christian believers.
**Talk about King Henry VIII and why he broke away from the Catholic Church
What were 2 long-term effects of the Black Death?
1) The decline of ____________________; due to labor shortages, workers demanded higher wages.
2) Many people lost faith in the _______________; instead they looked to other spiritual beliefs.
1) Feudalism
2) Church
What's the difference between mercantilism and capitalism?
Mercantilism is an older system of ___________(state/individual/Church)-controlled wealth and hoarding trade surpluses of gold
Capitalism focuses on private ownership, free markets, and generating profits without the _______________ (banks/government/companies) interfering.
state
government