Wood frame construction
Translate KROKEV
RAFTER
Translate ČALOUNĚNÝ
UPHOLSTERED
Translate MONTOVÁNÍ/SESTAVENÍ
ASSEMBLY
Translate NEDOKONALOST
Imperfection
Translate ŘASY
Algae
Explain the word CLADDING
Cladding in construction is material applied over another to provide a skin or layer and used to provide a degree of thermal insulation and weather resistance, and to improve the appearance of buildings
Explain the word ARMREST
A padded arm of a chair or other seat on which a sitter can comfortably rest their arm
Explain the word ALLOY
A substance formed from the combination of two or more metals. Alloys can also be formed from combinations of metals and other elements. The properties exhibited by alloys are often quite different from the properties of their individual components.
Explain the word TRANSPARENT
Allowing light to pass through so that objects behind can be distinctly seen
Explain the word FERTILIZER
Natural or artificial substance containing the chemical elements that improve growth and productiveness of plants
Describe the platform-frame construction.
Platform-frame construction is a building method in which each floor of a structure is built as a separate platform. The walls of each story are constructed on top of the platform below, with vertical wall studs running only from one floor to the next. This method allows for easier and safer construction compared to older balloon framing, as workers can build on a stable surface. It is widely used in residential construction due to its efficiency, material economy, and fire safety.
Name at least 5 tools used for furniture construction
Tape measure, chisel, rasps, sander, thickness planer, circular saw, hand saw, router, jigsaw, screwdriver
Name at least 3 types of fasteners
Nails, bolts, hinges, lag screws, spikes
Name at least 3 types of sandpaper
Garnet paper, glasspaper, ceramic sandpaper, aluminium oxide, silicon carbide paper,..
Name at least 5 animal or biological (plant) pests
Fungi, insects, snails, mice, moss, algae, weeds,..
Describe the platform-frame construction and the balloon frame construction, compare them and speak about their advantages and disadvantages
Platform-frame construction builds one floor at a time, with each level acting as a platform for the next, while balloon-frame construction uses continuous wall studs that extend from the foundation to the roof. Platform framing is safer and easier to construct, offers better fire resistance due to floor breaks, but can be slower due to the step-by-step process; balloon framing allows faster vertical construction and fewer joints but is harder to build and poses greater fire risks. Overall, platform framing is more common today due to modern safety standards and ease of assembly.
What is a chair? Describe a few different types of a chair.
Chairs can be thought of as stools with backs. A chair with arms is an armchair, and with folding action and inclining footrest, a recliner. A permanently fixed chair on a train or in a theater is a seat or, on an airplane, an airline seat; when riding, it is a saddle or bicycle saddle, and for an automobile, a car seat or infant car seat; with wheels it is a wheelchair.
What do you know about wood screws?
They are the most commonly used mechanical woodworking fasteners. They are used primarily for connecting wood to wood, and they are very typical with their clamping force which makes a joint stronger. They can be also used to attach hinges, hardware, locks and other non-wood objects
What´s the difference between open-coat and closed-coat sandpaper?
The difference is that closed-coat sandpaper has the particles grouped more closely together; open-coat sandpapers have larger gaps between the particles. As a general rule, open-coat is typically better for woodworking, as it clogs less often, particularly when working with softwoods that contain more resin.
What are the ways to minimize pest damage?
We should apply the appropriate pest control which means to regulate the number of pests. The basic way how we control and minimize pests are pesticides. Pesticides include all of the following: herbicides, insecticides, rodenticides, bactericides, insect and animal repellents, and many others.
Describe the purpose of roofs, what products and materials are used to make roofs and what their functions are
Roofs are needed to keep out the weather and maintain human comfort inside a house. Every roof has to withstand high winds as well as ice and snow. The weight of snow can cause a roof to collapse unless it is designed properly. It is necessary to make sure the load on the roof can be supported. This fact calls for properly sized rafters and decking. Shingles, roof tiles or other roofing have to withstand many years of exposure to all types of weather conditions. The roof is made of rafters and usually supported by ceiling joists.
Speak about chair covers, chair pads and chair mats (chair accessories), describe their usage
Chair covers are used to protect chairs from stains and wear while also enhancing their appearance, often in formal settings or for decoration. Chair pads provide added comfort for seating, typically made of foam or fabric, and are especially useful for hard or wooden chairs. Chair mats are placed under chairs—usually office chairs—to protect flooring from damage and to allow smoother movement on carpet or hard surfaces.
Describe what a hammer looks like, explain what materials it is typically made from, and describe its function and usage
Hammers come in a variety of types but they all have the same purpose which is to deliver an impact or force such as pounding or striking to an object. The most common uses for these hand tools include driving nails, breaking up objects and fitting parts. The head of a hammer is made from strong metals because the front is the part which is used for striking and the back may have one of many different components which could be a claw or ball. The handle is usually made of metal as well and covered with rubber for comfort or grip but it can also be made from wood.
Choose one type of sandpaper, describe it and explain how it is used in woodworking
e.g.: Ceramic sandpaper is made of some of the most durable abrasives available, and can remove considerable amounts of material in a hurry. It is often used for sander belts, but sometimes is used for hand shaping of wood. It will usually leave a very rough finish so we have to practice when using ceramic sandpaper, particularly on plywood and veneers.
Choose a wood-damaging pest, describe it and explain how it causes damage
Woodworm - our climate´s best- known wood-destroying insect. This pest comes in many species. It chiefly infests timber from conifers and deciduous trees, especially in colder and humid climates. Infested timber weakens and decomposes. The timber’s decay is caused by the woodworm larvae, which create corridors in the inner structure and thus reduce the mechanical function of timber elements. Woodworm larvae do not tend to disrupt timber’s outer layer, meaning that infestations are often concealed from the human eye for long periods of time. Hatched adults depart the wood through exit holes of 0.5 - 2 mm in diameter, giving rise to coarse, powdery frass.