natural hazards
What type of volcanic eruption is the most explosive
plinian eruption
What law states that older rock layers are usually found beneath younger layers?
The law of superstition
What enzyme adds nucleotides to the growing DNA strand during replication?
DNA polymerase
What type of wave requires a medium to travel?
Mechanical waves
What are the three main methods of heat transfer?
Conduction, convection, and radiation
Which scale measures earthquake magnitude today instead of the Richter scale?
moment magnitude scale
What is the name of a break in the geologic record caused by erosion or missing layers?
An unconformity
What percentage of human DNA actually codes for proteins?
About 1–2%
Which wave can travel through a vacuum?
Electromagnetic waves
Which method of energy transfer does not require matter?
Radiation
What causes a tsunami most often
Underwater earthquakes caused by tectonic plate movement
Which type of unconformity occurs when tilted rock layers are overlain by flat layers?
Angular unconformity
What is the exact sequence of steps in the central dogma of molecular biology?
DNA → RNA → Protein
What happens to wavelength if frequency increases but speed stays constant?
Wavelength decreases
What type of energy transfer occurs when particles collide directly?
Conduction
What is the deadliest natural hazard in recorded history?
flooding
What process turns sediments into sedimentary rock layers?
Lithification
Which nitrogenous base is found in RNA but not DNA?
Uracil
Which part of a transverse wave is the highest point?
Crest
What causes convection currents?
Differences in density caused by temperature changes
What is a lahar?
A volcanic mudflow made of ash, water, and debris.
What structure forms when rock layers bend upward?
Anticline
What mutation changes one amino acid into another?
Missense mutation
What is the lowest point of a transverse wave called?
Trough
Why does hot air rise?
Hot air becomes less dense than cold air