Ethics 101
The study of questions concerning right and wrong, as well as how we ought to live
What is ethics?
This philosopher is most attributed to deontological ethics
Who is (Immanuel) Kant?
Contemporary virtue ethics is inspired by this ancient Greek
Who is Aristotle?
This scholar argues that moral development varies by gender
Who is (Carol) Gilligan?
Two forms of consequentialism
What are act and rule?
Legislation, statutes, and regulations made by governments
What is law?
According to deontologists, morality should be based on this synonym for obligation
What is duty?
Traditionally, hedonism views this as intrinsically good
What is pleasure?
An ethic of justice applies not to individuals, but to _____
What are institutions?
Stoics practice this in the face of external events
What is indifference?
Theory arguing that moral "rightness" is based on what God directs
What is divine command theory?
This "math" is used by consequentialists to calculate pleasure vs pain
What is hedonistic calculus?
This mathematical-sounding concept suggests that people should always choose to live moderately
What is the Golden Mean?
Some critics of the ethic of care argue that it is not its own theory, but instead merely an aspect of this major ethical theory
What is virtue ethics?
This involves applying excellent character to a situation in light of the overall goal of a good life
What is practical wisdom?
Assumption that what is right varies from person to person or culture to culture
What is ethical relativism?
This principle states that we must treat all persons as ends in themselves, not as means to an end
What is respect for all persons?
These thinkers reacted to the collapse of the city-state system by offering advice to individuals in what for them was a crumbling world
Who are the Stoics?
According to Rawls, actions that move away from this are justified only if they benefit the least advantaged
What is equality?
In deontological ethics, these are conceptually impossible
What are ethical (moral) dilemmas?
Branch of ethics concerned with the question of what "good" means
What is metaethics?
A critique of utilitarianism is that by weighing everyone equally, these are ignored
What are close relationships?
For an egoist, these actions are superficial
What are altruistic (actions)?
This element of peacemaking states that we are not isolated individuals, but are linked to all other humans, animals, and the environment
What is connectiveness?
The purpose of this branch of ethics is to consider one's conduct in moral issues
What is normative ethics?