Foundational Documents
Federalist No. 51 argues that separation of powers protects liberty primarily by doing this.
What is setting ambition against ambition.
Cloture requires this fraction of the Senate.
What is three-fifths (60 senators)?
The Constitution explicitly grants the president this military role.
What is Commander in Chief?
Selective incorporation applies most of the Bill of Rights to the states through this clause.
What is the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment?
The family is considered this type of agent in political socialization.
What is a primary agent?
Brutus 1 predicted that the Necessary and Proper Clause and Supremacy Clause would lead to this long-term outcome.
What is the expansion of national power at the expense of the states?
Unlike the Senate, the House limits debate through this institutional mechanism.
What is the Rules Committee?
Executive orders derive authority from this constitutional responsibility.
What is the Take Care Clause?
Strict scrutiny requires the government to prove a law is narrowly tailored to serve this.
What is a compelling governmental interest?
A push poll is problematic because it primarily does this.
What is attempt to influence opinions rather than measure them?
Fed 10 argues that removing the causes of faction would require eliminating this.
What is liberty?
In U.S. v. Lopez, the Court limited Congress’s use of this power because the regulated activity was not economic in nature.
What is the Commerce Clause?
A signing statement is best categorized as this type of presidential power.
What is an informal power?
Brown v. Board overturned Plessy by rejecting this constitutional doctrine.
What is separate but equal?
If voters support one party in presidential elections but another in congressional elections, this behavior is occurring.
What is split-ticket voting?
The Articles of Confederation required this for major amendments, which made reform nearly impossible.
What is unanimous consent of the states?
Congress establishes lower federal courts beneath the Supreme Court. This power comes from which specific part of the Constitution?
Article III
The War Powers Resolution requires presidents to notify Congress within this number of hours.
What is 48 hours?
The exclusionary rule was extended to the states in this case.
What is Mapp v. Ohio?
When a major historical event permanently shifts party coalitions, this process is occurring.
What is party realignment?
The tension between Federalist 70 and Federalist 51 reflects this broader constitutional debate.
What is energy in the executive vs fear of concentrated power?
Yesterday, the Senate refused to pass a funding bill, leading to a partial shutdown in which DHS is currently not funded. What constitutional power is being exercised?
What is the power of the purse?
This case created the three-tiered framework for evaluating presidential power.
What is Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer (1952)
A law that distinguishes based on gender is reviewed under this standard.
What is intermediate scrutiny?
After a financial crisis, a party dominates three consecutive presidential elections and expands its coalition. This most likely represents this.
What is realignment?