Definitions
Difficulty swallowing
Dysphagia
Characteristic feature of the final phase of dementia
Dysphagia
Frequent complication of difficulty swallowing
Aspiration Pneumonia
Oral candidiasis
Oral nystatin/clotrimazole/fluconazole
Metabolic, cytokine and neuroendocrine-mediated cascade of events leading to a loss of appetite for food
Anorexia
Specialist with expertise in feeding & swallowing, cognition and communication
Speech-language pathologist
Cause of difficulty swallowing solids with progression to difficulty swallowing liquids
Obstructing lesion
Reflux esophagitis
Proton Pump Inhibitor
Disease-related muscle loss
Cachexia
Increases appetite and body weight for patients with HIV and cancer
Megestrol acetate (Megace)
This syndrome is associated with worse patient-related outcomes when compared to patients with cancer who do not have this complication of appetite loss
Cancer cachexia
Early satiety and nausea
Metoclopramide (Reglan)
Age-related muscle loss
Sarcopenia
Medication for appetite loss that is most beneficial during the final weeks of life
Corticosteroids
Cause of appetite loss in patients taking anti-cholinergic medications
Xerostomia (dry mouth)
Dysgeusia
Zinc
Appetite stimulant with the strongest data supporting its ability to improve weight gain
Olanzapine
Interventions to reduce aspiration pneumonia in patients receiving tube feeds
Absolutely nothing