Description, family
what is panleukopenia and what family does it belong to?
virus causing severe gastroenteritis and neurologic signs in kittens born with it.
Parvoviridae DNA virus
How is Panleukopenia transmitted?
What is the signalment?
Prevention?
transmitted directly from infected cats through secretions, fomites, fly vector and environmental reservoir
kittens 3-5months and young un vx feral cats
vaccine available, disinfect and isolate
Clinical signs of Panleukopenia
Pathognomonic signs?
fever 104-107, GI V +/-D TRANSPLACENTAL: early= fetal death, abortions or mummification. Late= CNS, ocular or cerebellar dz, cerebellar hypoplasia
GI and leukopenia <3,000 WBC/ul neutropenia
how to diagnose Panleukopenia?
NOT DEFINITIVE IN HOUSE:CS and HX, bloodwork, ELISA parvo test false negatives more common than false positives
ref lab serum ab titers and virus isolation
Treatment for Panleukopenia?
Important client info?
aggressive fluids, syringe feeding +/- ABs, isolate if hospitalized
survivors have lifelong immunity and neuro cats can live a good quality of life
what is feline upper respiratory tract dz?
what families/causes?
any contagious URI of cats causing oculonasal discharge and sneezing
viral: feline calici virus Calici viridae RNA FVR herpes viridae feline herpes virus DNA
baterial: Chlamydia felis
mode of transmission for feline URD?
Vaccine/prevention?
Signalment?
Fomites major mode of transmission, resevoir recovering cats for months-years (calici shed constantly, herpes shed after stress) latent infections also possible
vaccine available sanitize and limit fomites in hospital
middle aged stray or any cat of any age
clinical signs of feline upper resp tract dz
pathognomonic signs?
cold symptoms oculonasal discharge, +/-Anorexia severe: loss of righting reflexes oral ulceration, fever
chlamydophila more common conjunctivitis herpes occular ulcerations have distinctive look
diagnostic method for feline upper resp tract dz
CS and HX most common
ref lab: virus culture and serology
treatment for Feline upper resp tract dz
important client info?
FVR 50-60% mortality in kittens oral ABs for 2ndary infection, keep nasal passage and eyes clear, syringe/force feed, fluids and O2
Killer Calici resp signs but more severe: vasculitis, edema, face and extremity swelling, alopecia very contagious, high mortality,mainly affects adults
What is Felv and what family does it belong to
viral disease of cats that causes bone marrow and immune system suppression and CAN CAUSE NEOPLASIA
Retroviridae RNA
mode of transmission for Felv
vaccine/prevention?
signalment?
cat to cat through secretions, in utero or through colostrum, spread through fighting grooming nursing or fomite exposure +cats a reservoir (friendly cat dz)
Vaccine available killed or subunit, isolate +cats
males and females 0-5 years old
CS of Felv
pathognomonic signs?
secondary infection: anemia, immunosuppression, weight loss, oral lesions 2ndary include: neurologic, felv induced neoplasia, bacterial infections
indoor outdoor un vx kitties, young un vx kittens
diagnostic method for Felv?
in house ELISA antigen test if positive repeat test in 3-4 months IFA test detects virus in bone marrow (point of no return)
treatment of Felv
important client info?
NO CURE live 1/2 lifespan of healthy cat chemotherapy can cause temporary remission antiviral drugs like interferon may reduce amnt of virus in the blood and extend remission
keep indoors, reduce stress, avoid steroids, regular vet visits, spay/neuter, isolate +, vx and keep watchful eye on 2ndary infection
what is FIV?
what family?
viral dz of cats that causes bone marrow suppression and immunodeficiency
retroviridae RNA
how is FIV transmitted
vaccine/prevention?
signalment?
transmitted through biting +cats reservoir incubate for years contagious even in latent stages
relatively new vaccine but not very effective and destroys usefulness of testing
male cats 5-12 years old (males fight)
CS of FIV
Pathognomonic signs?
3phases: 1.ACUTE: general lymphadenopathy bacterial infx of GI or skin 2.LATENT: nonsymptomatic (months-years) 3.CHRONIC: feline aids... stomatitis, gingivitis, conjunctivitis, diarrhea, resp infections, FUO, anemia, wasting, abscesses
male cats 5-12 yrs infected with a bite wound, indoor outdoor un vx kitties
diagnostic method for FIV
ELISA antibody test cats form ABs to virus or vaccine
kittens 12-16 weeks may test + due to maternal ABs (recheck at 6-8months)
treatment for FIV
important client info
NO CURE
minimize stress, avoid stress, avoid steroids, vet checks and regular CBCs, control parasites, keep them inside, full mouth extractions to help stomatitis, good nutrition
what is FIP
what family does FIP belong to
highly fatal viral disease of cats that produces a granulomatous reaction
coronaviridae RNA
how is FIP transmitted
vaccine/prevention?
Signalment
ingestion or inhalation of virus shed in feces or saliva resevoir: positive latent cats gen pop: <1% infected Cattery: 10-20% infected
FIP vaccine available, in clinic isolate and in cattery prevent crowding sanitate vaccinate isolate
young 3-4yrs old
CS of FIP
Pathognomonic signs?
2 forms: 1. EFFUSIVE (wet) produces fluid in abdomen and chest, anorexia, fever, weight loss, more common and progresses rapidly 2. NON EFFUSIVE (dry) more chronic, granulomas in GI tract, uveitis, occular discharge, fever, weight loss, anorexia, diarrhea, CNS seizures and ataxia, creeps on slower takes longer
effusions or pyogranulomas in abdomen
diagnostic method of FIP
not a really good test
fluid analysis: bright yellow straw hyperproteinemic blood test but high cross reaction with other coronas
most diagnosis done by ruling out other things
treatment of FIP
important client info?
NO CURE
supportive care make them comfortable but they die quickly