Sociologist
Which sociologist theorized Black Women's Standpoint?
Patricia Collins
What specific right were women fighting for during the first wave of feminism (early 1900s)?
What is a ruling text? Give an example.
Ruling text: text written by men that govern women's lives in ways that subordinate and objectify women.
Examples: bible, constitution, etc.
Define controlling images and give an example.
Ex: mammy, Jezebel, welfare queen, etc.
Why is gender considered to be socially constructed?
Which sociologist recognized the importance of knowledge coming from the groups being studied?
Dorothy Smith
When was the 2nd wave of feminism?
The 1960s-80s
Give an example of a visual ruling text in modern society.
Magazines, social media, models, advertisements, commercials, etc.
What did Collins mean by the "double-day?"
What concept widely used in sociology today did Collins think about but not name?
Hint: Crenshaw coined this term
Intersectionality
What was the result of men coming back from WWII? Why were women upset?
Define androcentrisim.
Men's lives and experiences are viewed as universal and normative in society.
Why is "women" plural in Black Women's Standpoint?
Because Black women are not a homogenous group. Different Black women experience the world differently.
Western birthing practices were created and are enforced by males. They make doctors' (historically men) jobs easier but make birthing harder for women.
What did Arlie Hochschild say about men, women, and emotion?
Women have to do more emotional management than men both at work and at home.
Why did leaders of feminist movements exclude certain groups of women?
They excluded lesbian women and Black women and their issues from the movement to avoid seeming too radical. They did so to gain public approval.
Where does most sociological knowledge come from? Why is this a problem?
Historically, from male sociologists. This is a problem because knowledge from different people provides different perspectives. 1/2 of the population is excluded.
Why do Black women have a unique standpoint and unique knowledge production?
Because of their shared experiences of oppression and legacy of struggle.
Why is Liver King relevant to feminist theory? Explain the connection.
Feminist theory also examines masculinity and gender. Liver King represents hegemonic masculinity. Brian Johnson changed himself to conform with the "one," macho definition of masculinity.
Which sociologist produced theories about masculinity in Western society?
R. W. Connell
What issues were relevant to the Progressive Movement?
Education, ending child labor, fixing city housing, etc.
Give an example from the magazine you examined in class that represents the social construction of gender.
Women & beauty, women chase love from men, women need to change themselves to be accepted, etc.
What term was Collin's "matrix of domination" the precursor for? Explain the "matrix of domination."
Intersectionality. Systems of oppression are mutually constructed.
How is gender embedded in institutions like the household, the workplace, and sports?
We perform to meet gender norms in different settings and have expected positions and duties based on our gender.