Pulmonology 1
Most effective class of asthma controller medications
Glucocorticoids
Initial treatment for mild COPD
Short-acting bronchodilator
Symptoms most suggestive of DPLD
Subacute/chronic nonproductive cough and dyspnea
Most common causes of pleural effusion
Heart failure, pneumonia, malignancy
Initial test for PH
Transthoracic echocardiography
Test for suspected cough-variant asthma with normal spirometry
Methacholine challenge test
Postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC value consistent with COPD
<0.7
Diagnosis suggested by asymptomatic bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
Pulmonary sarcoidosis
Ratio of pleural fluid LDH to serum LDH in exudative pleural effusion
>0.6
World Health Organization pulmonary hypertension group attributed to lung disease
Group 3.
Positive bronchial challenge test result
≥20% FEV1 reduction
Glucocorticoid treatment for moderate to severe COPD exacerbation
Oral prednisone, 40 mg for 5 days
Diagnosis suggested by environmental exposure, fever, fatigue, cough
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Pleural fluid pH and glucose level in complicated parapneumonic effusion
pH <7.2, glucose <60 mg/dL
Initial imaging for CTEPH
V/Q scan
Treatment for uncontrolled severe eosinophilic phenotype asthma
Mepolizumab, reslizumab, or benralizumab
COPD indications for supplemental oxygen
Po2 ≤55 mm Hg, Spo2 ≤88%
Treatment for IPF
Nintedanib or pirfenidone
Diagnoses suggested by elevated pleural fluid amylase
Pancreatitis, esophageal rupture
Treatment for vasoreactive-positive PAH
CCB
Diagnostic tests for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Aspergillus-specific IgE and IgG; total IgE; Aspergillus antigen skin test; blood eosinophil
Factors predicting high risk for recurrent acute COPD exacerbations
FEV1 <50%, ≥2 acute exacerbations yearly, hospitalization for exacerbation
Chest X-ray for this condition looks like a photographic negative of pulmonary edema
Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia
Management for malignant pleural effusion
Repeat thoracentesis, indwelling pleural catheter, or chemical pleurodesis
Treatment for CTEPH
Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy and anticoagulation