Misc Face and Neck Questions
What do many fetuses with facial defects also have?
Chromosomal abnormalities.
What is the best imaging view to evaluate cleft lip and palate?
Modified Coronal view.
What is the most common cystic mass found in the fetal neck?
Cystic Hygroma
What is the most common congenital abnormality of the fetal face?
Cleft lip with/without cleft palate.
What is the typical sonographic appearance of the fetal nose in a mid-sagittal facial profile?
Echogenic nasal bone
What is the cause of frontonasal dysplasia?
Unknown
What structures are well imaged in a true coronal plane (2)?
The maxilla and orbits.
What is the typical location of a thyroglossal duct cyst in the fetal neck?
Midline anterior neck, near the hyoid bone
What imaging view best demonstrates and identifies when micrognathia is present?
The fetal profile (midsagittal view).
What is the typical appearance of the fetal mandible on ultrasound?
Hyperechoic, U-shaped bone below the tongue
Tongue protrusion may suggest what?
Macroglossia
What 3 things can be demonstrated well using the longitudinal view?
The nasal bones, soft tissue, and mandible.
A midline anterior neck mass is detected on fetal ultrasound, and the mother has a history of Graves' disease. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Fetal Goiter
In cases where frontal bossing is present, what fruit is the head shape associated with?
Lemon-shaped skull.
What is the normal range for nuchal translucency measurement at 12 weeks of gestation?
Less than 3 mm
It is a large gap in the upper lip on modified coronal view; nose is flattened and widened
Complete bilateral cleft lip and palate
What view can help rule out orbital abnormalities and intraorbital distances?
The Transverse view.
TRUE or FALSE:
Neck teratomas are usually bilateral and can be complex
FALSE (usually unilateral)
In fetuses with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, what facial abnormality is often present and seen on ultrasound?
Macroglossia (Large tongue).
TRUE or FALSE :The fetal maxilla should appear as a continuous echogenic line below the nasal bone on a second-trimester ultrasound.
True
Ear malformation may be observed in what syndrome with absent eye and hemifacial microsomnia?
Goldenhar’s Syndrome
What can the axial view show the sonographer?
The nose and lips.
Which fetal neck mass typically extends into the mediastinum and appears as a multiseptated cystic lesion?
Lymphangioma
What abnormality of the face is seen in fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities, craniosynostosis, and limb/skeletal abnormalities?
Midface Hypoplasia.
At what gestational age can the fetal nasal bone first be reliably visualized on ultrasound, and why is its presence important in prenatal screening?
Around 11–14 weeks; assess risk for chromosomal abnormalities (Down syndrome)