Key People
Won the Battle of Hastings and was crowned king of England
William the Conqueror
The battle over the throne of England that took place in 1066
Battle of Hastings
This system organized medieval society around land, loyalty, and service
What is feudalism?
Besides "the Conqueror", William was also known as...
What is the Duke of Normandy?
Crusader contact with eastern Mediterranean societies helped expand European access to goods, technologies, medical knowledge, and this activity.
What is trade?
This person is also known as the Lionheart
Richard I
These were a series of religious and military expeditions launched by Western European Christians, often to take or defend holy places.
What is the Crusades?
In the feudal system, a ruler or lord granted this in exchange for loyalty and service.
What is land, or a fief?
This document helped William learn about his newly conquered land.
What is the Domesday Book?
What was the outcome of the 3rd Crusade?
The treaty between the Christians led by Richard and the Muslims led by Saladin
The leader of the Muslims who signed a truce (treaty) to end the 3rd Crusade
Saladin
Was created to not only provide protection to the peasant class, but also gain loyalty from nobles, knights, etc.
What is Feudalism/Feudal System.
This person promised loyalty and service to a more powerful lord in exchange for protection or land.
What is a vassal?
These two languages combined to create English once William took over.
What is Anglo-Saxon & French/Norman?
A long-term negative impact of the crusades.
What is increased tension between Christians and Muslims?
Tried to remove power from the Church and give it to himself. Helped his friend be appointed Archbishop of Canterbury.
Who is Henry II?
The agreement created to solve the problems between the church and the emperors/state
What is the Concordat of Worms?
This formal promise of loyalty connected a vassal to a lord.
What is an oath?
How did William establish Norman rule amongst the Anglo-Saxons?
Removed Anglo-Saxon church leaders for Norman ones. Made Anglo-Saxons the higher class while Normans were forced to lower class.
Over time, Crusader contact contributed to the growth of Mediterranean trade, the spread of ideas and technologies, and European interest in cultures beyond Europe.
What is cultural diffusion/cultural & economic changes
Believed the Pope should be able to appoint bishops. Excommunicated the Henry II. Declared authority over religious and political leaders
Who is Pope Gregory VII?
The medieval struggle over who had the right to appoint bishops and other Church officials was called this.
What is the Investiture Controversy?
This helped maintain order because each level of society had specific duties and responsibilities.
What is the Feudal Pyramid?
Because William ruled England while holding lands in Normandy, Norman rule connected England politically, culturally, and economically to this region.
What is Northern France/Europe?
The Crusades caused warfare and persecution for Christian, Muslim, and Jewish populations, while also increasing contact among these religious and cultural communities.
What were the effects of the Crusades on Christian, Muslim, and Jewish populations?