Kiddo's
A 2-year-old boy is brought to the ED due to convulsions described as rhythmic movements of both arms and legs that lasted 3 minutes. The patient had rhinorrhea for the past 2 days and fever since this morning. Temperature is 102.5 F. Physical exam shows an alert and playful toddler. The remainder of the physical exam is normal. What is the best next step in management?
What is Reassurance and discharge (febrile seizure)
A 68-year-old male presents to the emergency department with a 2-day history of fever, chills, fatigue, and shortness of breath. He also reports increased frequency of urination and dysuria over the past few days. On examination, his temperature is 39.0°C (102.2°F), heart rate is 110 beats per minute, blood pressure is 85/55 mmHg, respiratory rate is 22 breaths per minute, and oxygen saturation is 94% on room air. Laboratory results show elevated white blood cell count (WBC), and positive urine culture for Escherichia coli. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is Sepsis
A 32 y/o male is brought to the ED after coworkers found him confused, disoriented, and bleeding from the nose. He spent the morning cutting several bushes and trees to clear the area for new road construction. Temp is 108 F. Neurological exam is normal, but the patient is unable to speak or follow commands. What is the diagnosis?
What is Heat stroke
What is the medical term for a drug used to prevent or reduce fever?
What is an Antipyretic
What is the definition of fever?
What is Body temp of 100.4°F (38°C) or higher
This disease is defined by fever for 5 days, and >4 clinical criteria including cervical lymphadenopathy, rash, edema of hands/feet, conjunctivitis, and strawberry tongue.
What is Kawasaki disease
A 23 year old male has had vomiting and diarrhea each day and fever of 104F every other day since returning from a mission trip to Nigeria. What us the most likely diagnosis?
A 44 y/o male develops rapid breathing, a fast heart rate, and muscle rigidity shortly after surgery. Temperature is 109° F. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is Malignant hyperthermia
A patient calls your clinic with questions about a positive COVID test and a fever of 101 F for three days. What is the next step in management?
Outpatient Supportive care. visit the ED if experiencing emergency warning signs of COVID, such as trouble breathing, persistent chest pain, confusion, inability to stay awake or if your skin is turning pale, gray or blue.
What area of the brain controls temperature regulation
A 15-month-old male is brought in by his caregiver for evaluation of fever and rash. The caregiver noted a fever of 104˚F two days ago. He appeared well and ate and played normally, so the caregiver was not alarmed. After the fever resolved, he developed a red rash on his trunk that progressed rapidly over the past 24 hours. What is the causative infection?
What is Roseola virus HHV-6
A 26-year-old male is brought to the ED with a 2-day history of fever, irritability, and vomiting. His parents also report that he has been complaining of headache and neck stiffness. The child appears ill, with a temperature of 39.2°C (102.6°F). He is sensitive to light and resists neck flexion. A Brudzinski sign is positive. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is Meningitis
A 45-year-old woman with a known history of Graves' disease presents to the emergency department with a high fever of 39.5°C (103.1°F), severe palpitations, tremors, sweating, and confusion. Her family reports that she recently developed a respiratory infection and has become increasingly restless and agitated over the past 24 hours. On examination, her heart rate is 150 beats per minute, blood pressure is 160/80 mmHg, and she appears anxious and diaphoretic. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is Thyroid storm (an exaggerated presentation of thyrotoxicosis, often triggered by infection)
A 32-year-old previously healthy woman presents to the clinic with a 3-day history of fever, chills, sore throat, muscle aches, fatigue, and a dry cough. Her temperature is 38.7°C (101.7°F), and she appears fatigued but not in respiratory distress. A rapid influenza diagnostic test comes back positive. What is the recommended treatment for this patient, and what are the indications for antiviral therapy in influenza?
What is Supportive care. Antivirals are indicated for high-risk patients, those with severe disease, or within 48hrs of Sx.
Are viruses or bacteria more likely to cause a high-grade sustained fever?
What are Bacteria
A 10-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents with persistent fever, fatigue, and frequent nosebleeds over the past two weeks. His parents also report that he has been more pale than usual and bruises easily with minor bumps. He appears pale and fatigued, with petechiae on his arms and legs. His lymph nodes are mildly enlarged, and there is tenderness on palpation over the long bones. Based on this presentation, what is the most likely diagnosis?
What is Leukemia
A 34-year-old man presents to the clinic with a 3-week history of persistent low-grade fever, night sweats, fatigue, and a cough that has become progressively worse. He has also noticed unintentional weight loss of approximately 4 kg (8.8 lbs) over the last month. The patient has recently traveled to India. He denies hemoptysis, but he has experienced occasional chest pain with deep breathing. On physical examination, he is febrile (38.3°C / 101°F), and lung auscultation reveals crackles in the upper lobes bilaterally. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is Tuberculosis
A 27-year-old woman presents to the clinic with a 3-week history of persistent low-grade fever, night sweats, fatigue, and unintentional weight loss of 5 kg (11 lbs) over the past month. She also reports intermittent chest discomfort and has noticed painless swelling in her neck. On examination, you note a palpable, non-tender lymph node approximately 2 cm in diameter in the left cervical region. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is Non-Hodgkins lymphoma "B symptoms" (fever, night sweats, and weight loss)
A 7-year-old boy presents to the clinic with a 3-day history of fever, sore throat, and difficulty swallowing. On examination, the child appears uncomfortable, with a temperature of 38.5°C (101.3°F). His throat is erythematous, with tonsillar exudates, and tender cervical lymphadenopathy. A rapid antigen detection test for Group A Streptococcus is positive. What is the treatment for the most likely diagnosis?
What is Penicillin or Amoxicillin
Name three warning signs of sepsis.
What are Fever, hypotension, tachycardia, tachypnea, or altered mental status
A 3-month-old infant is brought to the emergency department with a 12-hour history of fever, irritability, and poor feeding. The infant is lethargic on examination with a temperature of 39.2°C (102.6°F), heart rate of 180 bpm, respiratory rate of 50 breaths per minute, and capillary refill time of 3 seconds.
In addition to blood culture, blood tests, chest Xray, and urine studies, what other test is important to gather?
What is Lumbar puncture (sepsis workup for pediatric patients)
A 30-year-old woman presents to the clinic with a 4-day history of high fever, severe headache, retro-orbital pain, and muscle and joint pains. She also reports a rash that started on her arms and chest and has spread to her face. She mentions that she recently traveled to the Caribbean. On physical examination, she is febrile(103.3°F), and a diffuse erythematous rash is noted on her upper limbs and torso. What is the most likely diagnosis?
What is dengue ("break-bone") fever
A 38 y/o woman with a hx of major depressive disorder with poor response to several antidepressants is brought to the ED by her sister after developing anxiety, headache, nausea, and vomiting. For the past year, she had been taking escitalopram, which she discontinued a week ago. Yesterday she started taking phenelzine (MAO inhibitor) for depressive symptoms. On arrival, the patient is agitated diaphoretic, and tremulous. Temp is 102 F, physical exam shows dilated pupils and bilateral tremors. DTR are 3+ bilaterally. What is the diagnosis?
What is Serotonin syndrome
A 45-year-old man presents to the clinic with a 5-day history of high fever (up to 39.4°C / 103°F), severe headache, muscle aches, and fatigue. He reports developing a rash that began on his wrists and ankles and has now spread to his palms, soles, and torso. The rash started as small, red spots and has become petechial. He mentions that he spent time hiking in a wooded area two weeks ago and was exposed to ticks during the trip. On physical examination, the patient appears ill and febrile. He has a rash that is maculopapular and petechial in distribution. There is no history of recent travel outside the United States. What is the Treatment for the most likely diagnosis?
Doxycycline (Rickettsia Riketsi, Rocky Mountain spotted fever)
What are 4 interleukins/cytokines are involved in fever?
What are IL-1, IL-6, PGE2, and TNF Alpha