Pavlov
This type of stimulus acquires a conditioned response after repeated pairings with an unconditioned stimulus
Conditioned Stimulus (CS)
CAT-H uses this technique to modify behavior
Negative reinforcement
According to Mellstrom and Johannesson, women who were offered money to donate blood were ___ likely to donate than women who were not offered money
less
S-R stands for this
Stimulus-Response
Use of the _____ helped motivate inactive, elderly, schizophrenic patients, as they were rewarded with a high probability behavior after working towards completing a task
Premack Principle
This phenomenon refers to the re-emergence of a previously extinguished conditioned response following the passage of time
Spontaneous recovery
When experimenters showed monkeys a banana, covered it up, and then uncovered lettuce (rather than the banana), monkeys were enraged due to violation of this
Expectancy
According to Lepper, Greene and Nisbett, when children were rewarded for drawing, they ended up spending less time doing so when they had free time, due to a reduction in this
Intrinsic motivation
VR stands for this
Variable Ratio
Tolman’s study of rats which explored a maze without reward, and then, once rewarded, showed a drastic drop in errors, demonstrates an example of this
Latent Learning
One CS being used to condition another CS is an example of this type of conditioning
Second order conditioning
Raccoons trained instrumentally to place a token in a bank to get food, who instead spend time licking and chewing the token, are demonstrating this type of behavior
Sign tracking
In the Klossek et. al. study, researchers examined whether or not children were goal directed, by seeing if they would choose stimuli with devalued outcomes. Authors claim that goal direction action emerges during this age range
2-3 years old
CAT stands for this
Constructional Aggression Treatment
Choosing to watch three movies and pull an all nighter with friends the day before an important exam is an example of
Delay Discounting
Pavlov thought this phenomenon, in which two stimuli are presented close together in time, was responsible for the formation of associations between the CS and US
Temporal contiguity
Demonstrating the dear enemy effect, little owls do not respond to their neighbor’s hoot in a usual location, but do respond to either a new hoot, or a hoot from a new location due to lack of this type of priming
Retrieval-generated priming
According to Carter et. al., this can serve as a safety cue; people with panic disorder who had this with them, had reduced stress and catastrophic feelings during a CO2 challenge than those who did not have this
A (trusted) friend
AVN stands for this
Anticipatory Vomiting and Nausea
When individuals are rewarded for running with 4 pellets, and then rewarded for running with 16 pellets, we would expect their running speed to increase; this is considered a(n) ______
Elation Effect
Pavlov trained dogs to salivate at the sound of this conditioned stimulus
A metronome
Two pigeons were trained with a white triangle on a red background, which signaled food could be earned. When the red background and white triangle were presented separately, one pigeon responded more to the background, while one pigeon responded more to the triangle, demonstrating they were under different ____
Stimulus controls
In the Wolf et. al. case study, researchers worked with a child with autism who initially wouldn’t wear his glasses. They used a shaping procedure, rewarding this
Successive approximations
CER stands for this
Conditioned Emotional Response
Pigeons pecking at a dot instead of running to food is an example of this phenomena, in which the CS takes on the “functions” of the US
Stimulus Substitution