Final 1
List the periods of Prenatal Development
Zygote (2 weeks)
Embryo (6 weeks)
Fetus (30 weeks)
Sleep enhances what?
Memory
Are there clear differences of children of gay and lesbian parents than children of straight parents?
No differences in mental health, relationships, and gender identity
What is the spacing effect?
The tendency for distributed study to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through masses study
Explain unconditioned response and stimulus:
Unconditioned Responses - naturally occurring response
Unconditioned Stimulus – stimulus that naturally triggers a response
A substance that affects the development of a fetus and can harm them is called ____________
Teratogens (Examples of these would be drugs, alcohol and diseases)
List the basic emotions
Happiness, sadness, fear, disgust, anger, and surprise
Explain the Humanistic Psychology perspective
Introduced mainly by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow (Maslow’s hierarchy of needs)
Focus on present, not past like Psychodynamic perspective
Focus on positive aspects
Belief that every person has ability for healthy growth
The recency effect is:
The tendency of a person to recall the last items in a series best, and the middle items worst.
Explain conditioned response and stimulus:
Conditioned Responses - a learned response
Conditioned Stimulus - originally a neutral stimulus that, after association with an uncond stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response (UR)
Is our brain less or more active when we are asleep?
More active
Explain the four styles of parenting:
Authoritative: Listen and communicate, but still impose rules. (Best type)
Authoritarian: Strict and impose rules. Expect child to listen with no argument
Permissive: Too accepting, does not impose rules.
Uninvolved: Not responsive to child's needs
What is mnemonics?
An effortful processing strategy that helps boost memory. It's a memory aid, like using visual imagery to memories a list of items.
How can we improve memory?
Rehearse repeatedly, make the material meaningful, activate retrieval cues, use mnemonics, test knowledge
What is a neutral stimulus?
A stimulus that initially produces no response
List the Big 5 (Five factor theory)
OCEAN:
O: Openness (Open to new experiences)
C: Conscientiousness (Responsible and reliable)
E: Extroversion (Energetic, talkative, assertive)
A: Agreeableness (Kind, affectionate, sympathetic) n
N: Neuroticism (Emotional stability, moody and tense)
What fosters resilience?
Personal characteristics, warm parental relationships, social support, and community resources.
Hippocampus is not only responsible for new memories but also:
Storage
What is Classical Conditioning?
Type of learning when one learns to link 2 or more stimuli to an event
What is Operant conditioning?
Type of learning when behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcer
Raneem loves to socialize with people. She goes out to the mall and makes friends. She would score high on the ________
Extroversion
What is resilience?
One’s ability to deal with threats to their development
Which part of brain is responsible for forming new memories?
Hippocampus
What is an example of Classical Conditioning?
Dog realizing sound of bell means the food carrier is arriving with food
Explain positive and negative reinforcers:
Reinforcers:
Postive: Add something to strenghten beh.
Negative: Take away something to strengthen beh.
Example: Positve: Give a child candy to clean room. Negative: Take away other chores in order to clean room