Nervous
This division includes the brain and spinal cord.
What is the central nervous system?
This gland is known as the "master gland."
What is the pituitary gland?
This phase is when the ventricles contract.
What is systole?
This muscle contracts to increase lung volume during inspiration.
What is the diaphragm?
This pancreatic cell type produces glucagon.
What are alpha cells?
This direction conducts impulses TOWARD the CNS and can be considered the sensory system.
What is afferent?
This type of hormone is synthesized from cholesterol.
What are steroid hormones?
This valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle.
What is the mitral/bicuspid valve?
This describes the relationship between lung volume and pressure.
What is inverse (when lung volume increases, pressure decreases and vice versa)?
This pressure is measured when the heart relaxes.
What is diastolic?
This phase of action potential involves sodium entering the cell.
What is depolarization?
This hormone's ability to produce a vasoconstrictive response gives it its other name of vasopressin.
What is ADH?
This fetal structure allows blood to bypass the lungs between atria.
What is the foramen ovale?
Gas exchange occur across this type of membrane in alveoli.
What is simple squamous epithelium?
This substance reduces surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse.
What is surfactant?
A postsynaptic neuron becomes less likely to fire due to chloride influx; this describes the action of this type of neurotransmission.
What is inhibitory synaptic transmission?
A decrease in receptor number on a target cell would reduce responsiveness to a hormone through this mechanism.
What is decreased sensitivity due to receptor downregulation?
A blockage in the artery that takes deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs would most immediately impact this portion of circulation.
What is pulmonary circulation?
These incomplete structures keep the trachea open and are supported by smooth muscle.
What are cartilaginous/hyaline rings?
Damage to this region would disrupt coordination between the endocrine and nervous systems by impairing hormonal regulation signals.
What is the hypothalamus?
Loss of function in oligodendrocytes would most directly impair this specific process in the central nervous system.
What is myelination of axons?
A patient with chronically elevated cortisol due to ACTH overproduction is experiencing dysregulation of this endocrine pathway.
What is the HPA axis?
A patient with elevated arterial resistance would experience increased workload on the heart due to this.
What is increased afterload?
A buildup of CO2 in the blood leads to this condition due to increased hydrogen ion concentration.
What is respiratory acidosis?
This is the correct order of blood flow from when blood enters the heart deoxygenated to when it leaves the heart oxygenated (include the 4 chambers and 4 valves, and when the blood goes to the lungs).
What is right atrium -> tricuspid valve -> right ventricle -> pulmonary valve -> lungs -> left atrium -> mitral valve -> left ventricle -> aortic valve -> body