SAM
What are the ABG levels?
PO2: 80-100 PaCO2: 35-45 HcO3: 21-28
A septic patient has BP 84/50 and lactate 4.0. This is the FIRST treatment priority.
What is fluid resuscitation (IV crystalloids)?
Describe the 3 types of IV solutions, an example of each, and why they are used.
Isotonic: 0.9% Normal Saline (fluid of choice for bolus for hypovolemia) Lactated Ringers (burns/surgery)
D5W (cellular energy)
Hypertonic: 3% Normal Saline, TPN, or anything added to an isotonic solution (like D5NS). cerebral edema
Hypotonic: 0.45% Normal Saline (1/2 NS). Cellular dehydration
What is superior vena cava syndrome and what are the treatments?
-It is a tumor causing swelling in the face, neck, arms and thorax. -Elevate the head of the bed, anticoagulation therapy and radiation.
This rhythm appears as a “sawtooth” pattern.
What is atrial flutter?
A cerebral perfusion pressure of <50 results in what?
irreversible neurologic damage
This lab value is used to measure tissue hypoxia and severity of shock.
What is lactate?
What are nursing assessments for FVO and IV sites?
For fluid volume excess, crackles, shortness of breath, and pulmonary edema. IV Complications: Nurses monitor for infiltration, phlebitis, (redness, swelling, pain) and extravasation, which specifically involves a vesicant medication.
What oncological emergency is characterized by neck vein distention, distant/muffled heart sounds, chest pain, tachycardia, hypotension, shortness of breath?
Pericardial effusion/cardiac tamponade
This drug is the first-line rapid IV push for SVT.
What is adenosine?
This is an emergency situation where there is a blood collection between the skull and the dura matter, a person has a brief loss of consciousness with a return of a lucid state.
-Epidural hematoma
A patient with circumferential burns to the leg requires transfer because of the risk of this life-threatening complication.
What is compartment syndrome?
Donation requirements for blood donors?
Donation Screening: Donors must be at least 17 years old (16 with consent in SC), weigh at least 110 lbs, be afebrile, and have a hemoglobin of at least 12.5. Donations can occur every 56 days.
Define tumor lysis syndrome and how does it occur?
Induced cell destruction of large or rapidly growing cancer, contents of the cells released into the bloodstream, leading to electrolyte imbalances. This occurs spontaneously after treatment (chemo/radiation).
This infectious heart disorder occurs when bacteria attach to damaged valves forming vegetations.
What is endocarditis?
What are the three brain bleeds?
Subdural, intracerebral, and epidural.
This condition occurs when SIRS is accompanied by infection.
What is sepsis?
Universal Donor and Recipient?
O negative is donor. AB positive is recipient
When is the best time to test for HIV?
During the window period
This valve disorder involves narrowing that causes resistance to forward blood flow.
What is stenosis?
Medical management of ICP:
-removing the csf through a drain, OR a craniotomy or burrhole.
This electrolyte decreases early in burns because it shifts into cells and edema fluid.
What is sodium (hyponatremia)?
Describe the nursing actions for blood administration reactions versus overload?
Reaction:STOP the infusion immediately, set up new primary IV fluid at a KVO (Keep Vein Open) rate, collect urine and lab samples, and then notify the provider. Overload: slow the rate first, if it worsens stop it and notify provider
What is the goal of HIV meds?
To keep viral load down and CD4 high
Most often presents with flu-like symptoms. May have chest pain, palpitations, dyspnea, dysrhythmias.
What is myocarditis?