Cognition
Define Cognition
acquire, process, store, and act on information from the environment
Give 2 (of 3) examples of procedural learning
motor skills, operant conditioning and classical conditioning
what is the memory that operates when info needs to be maintained long enough to complete a task
Working memory
what rule is being used when the subject chooses the stimulus that is the same as the sample
General rule
Can a retrieval cue reverse retrograde amnesia?
yes!
Comparative cogniton (Animals models) are models and constructs used to explain behaviors not characterized by simple _________ (S-R S-O R-O) associations
S-R
List the 3 stages of information processing, components of learning and memory:
aquistion
retention
retrieval
What are the two types of memory?
procedural and declarative.
explain Trials-Unique Procedure
on each trial, different stimuli serve as matching and non-matching.
What changes between the two stages of infantile amnesia that allows humans to remember more in the second stage?
Maturation of learning structures
Establishment of neural connections
Elephants and apes display “self-awareness”, what cognitive function do they display
self-awareness
In learning experiments do they manipulate acquisition OR retention/retrieval
aquistion
in delayed matching samples, as accuracy ↑ as sample duration ______________
increase
What is memory retention impacted by?
An unpredictable extraneous stimulus (interference), cues indicating whether something should or should not be remembered, direct forgetting
What does the neurobiology memory map show is affected during early AD?
Hippocampus and the Basal forebrain are affected, consolidation is affected
- looks like antergrade amnesia
Who suggested the evolution of both physical and mental traits
Charles Darwin
In memory experiments do they manipulate acquisition OR retention/retrieval
retention/retrieval
in delayed matching samples, as Accuracy ↓ as sample-trial delay
decreases
What causes failure of memory in HEALTHY organisms?
More likely a result of retrieval failure than loss of information
Name 1 current treatments for Alzheimer's Disease?
Cholinesterase inhibitors: Increase Ach
NMDA antagonists: reduce glutamate
Anti-inflammatories
Cognitive and physical exercise - produce more cognitive reserve by making other parts of the brain stronger at consolidating memories
Whar is cognition ethology?
the study of the ability of animals to express conscious thought and intention
Is episodic memory procedural or declarative?
declarative
will weak or strong stimuli be most likely to be retained in long term memory?
strong stimuli
what is the difference between positive and negative forgetting
Positive forgetting postively impacts performance, increases response variety vs
Has a negative impact on performance
Why is Korsakoff's Syndrome seen most often in alcoholics?
Alcohol replaces calories leading to B1 consumption
High proof alcohol reduces B1 absorption in the intestines