ch. 1-3
ch. 4-6
ch. 7-9
ch. 10-12
ch. 13-14
100

What is a system of conclusions based on systematic thinking

Empiricism

100

A research study is stopped because they found that potential good from the work (curing acne) was not worth exposing participants to a known carcinogen. What principle of the belmont report would this violate?

Principle of Beneficence

100

A researcher asks an initial group of 10 participants to share the word about the study being conducted in order to get more participants. What is this an example of?

Snowball sampling

100

What type of study allows you to make claims of causation?

experiment 

100

What type of study measures participants repeatedly on DV before during and after “interruption”

Interrupted time series

200

What is a theory vs. a hypothesis

•A theory is a set of statements that describes general principles about how variables relate to one another.

•A hypothesis, or prediction, is the specific outcome the researcher expects to observe in a study if the theory is accurate.

200

What is it called when researchers invent data that fit their hypothesis

data fabrication

200

What is the name for a statistic to test the difference between two group averages

t test

200

What are the 3 components needed for causation?

⚫Covariance

⚫Temporal precedence

⚫eliminate third variable


200

Describe a multiple baseline design


-Multiple problem behaviors are measured across time

-The intervention is applied to individual behaviors

-The timing, though, is staggered

-If each behavior responds to the treatment as appropriate, we can argue that the treatment itself does something

300

What are the 4 sources of information?

•Experience

•Intuition

•Authority

•Research

300

Which type of measurement includes the following properties:

1.Named variables/ categories

2.Ordering variables

3.Equal distance between variables

4.Absolute zero

ratio

300

How can you detect a curvilinear relationship?

plot it with a scatterplot

300

What is the acronym for threats to internal validity?

🞆M  -  Maturation threat

🞆R   -  Regression threat

🞆S  -  Selection bias (Chapter 10)

🞆H – History threat

🞆R – Researcher bias

🞆I – Instrumentation Threats

🞆M -  Mortality (AKA attrition threat)

🞆P – Placebo effects

🞆D – Demand characteristics

🞆O – Observer Bias

🞆T – Testing threat (practice effects)

🞆S – Situation noise

300

What are a few concerns with small N designs we discussed?

-Is it ethical to revoke a treatment that’s associated (causing?) benefit?

-Is it possible to completely revoke a treatment to return to baseline?

400

Jane thinks that Toyotas are safe cars. She hears her friend was in a car wreck while driving a Corolla and was uninjured. She says "Aha! I knew Toyotas are safe!" What is this an example of?

Confirmation bias

400

In a qualitative study conducted by Dr. Dill, participants are interviewed. Following this, an RA watches of the interview and then marks whenever the participant expresses anger. After this, a second RA does the same thing in order to assess whether they are coding the same parts. What type of reliability is this an example of?

Inter-Rater Reliability

400

A researcher is interested in the relationship between depression measured at 5 time points. What kind of correlation is this?

autocorrelation

400

What are the two types of interactions

spreading

fully crossed

400

What is the difference between harking and hacking?

harking- hypothesising after results are known

hacking- throwing a bunch of variables/analyses at the wall and seeing what "sticks"

500

What type of claim is this?:

83% of college students like Taylor Swift music

frequency claim

500

What is it called when participants agree with every item?

Acquiescence/yea-saying:

500

What is the effect of one independent variable on the dependent variable controlling for the effect of the other independent variable in multiple regression?

beta/beta weight

500

A study examines the relationship impact of age (older, younger) and religiosity (religious, not religious) on political views. What is the factorial design?

2x2

500

What is it called when researchers replicate their original experiment and add variables to test additional questions

Replication-plus-extension