Zygomycota
The type or types of reproduction that zygomycota can undergo
What are sexual and asexual?
The two categories of organisms that join together to form lichen associations
What are photobionts and mycobionts?
The names of the two types of mycorrhizal associations
What are endomycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal?
This phylum has clamp connections
What is basidiomycota?
The definition of obligate symbiont
What is a fungus that can only survive when associated with a plant; not known to be free-living on its own?
In asexual reproduction, this is the name of the spore
What is sporangiospore?
The main photobionts that join with fungi in lichen associations
What are cyanobacteria in cyanolichens and chlorophyte alga in chlorolichens?
The difference between endo- and ectomycorrhizal associations
What is in ectomycorrhizal associations, hyphae grow between and around cells, and in endomycorrhizal associations, hyphae grow into the cells?
The long lived stage of this phylum is dikaryotic
What is basidiomycota?
The explanation for why dikaryotic (N + N) cannot be considered diploid
What is dikaryotic cells cannot undergo meiosis?
The name of the specialized hypha branches that come together in pairs and develop gametangia at their tips
What are suspensors?
The structure of a lichen thallus
What is an upper cortex made of hyphae, a photobiont later, a medulla layer for water storage, a lower cortex also made of hyphae, and rhizines that attach lichen to its substrate?
The main phylums that make up ectomycorrhizal and endomycorrhizal associations
What is basidiomycota makes up ectomycorrhizal associations, and glomeromycota makes up endomycorrhizal associations
This phylum is the most diverse in terms of living species
What is ascomycota?
This word means the joining of hyphae or veins to form a network
What is anastomosis?
The zygosporangium produces a multinucleate _____ which contains several diploid nuclei
What is a zygospore?
The ecological impact of lichens
What is colonizing newly exposed rock/soil and creating a thin layer of soil-like material that plants can grow on?
The two structures (and their descriptions) that make up ectomycorrhizal associations
What are hyphal sheaths form around the plant root, and hartig nets grow inside the root forming a mesh around individual cells?
This phylum is the most primitive of the fungi
What is chytridiomycota?
(They are microscopic, aquatic, don't make much mycelia, and and can be parasitic, causing chytridiomycosis)
The definition of conidia and the group they're in
What are asexual spores produced by mitosis at the tips of conidiogenous cells that are held on larger hyphae called conidiophores, in deuteromycetes?
True or false, zygomycota always have sepate hyphae
What is false?
Their hyphae are coenocytic/aseptate unless undergoing sexual reproduction or sporulation
The two ways that lichens can reproduce asexually
What are 1) little bits of thallus breaking off, dispersing, landing somewhere else, and growing into a new thallus and 2) soredia (tiny dispersal packages of one or a few cells of photobiont) wrapped in mycobiont hyphae where the photobiont can divide and the mycobiont can grow new hyphae?
The two structures involved in endomycorrhizal associations
What are arbuscules (specialized branches inside the cells of the plant host) and vesicles (areas for storage)?
This phylum forms arbuscules in a symbiotic relationship
What is glomeromycota?
The three main types of hymenophores (area of the basidiocarp that holds the hymenium)
What are 1) lamellate - shaped into lamellae/“gills”, 2) poroid - consisting of many deep, narrow canals/pores on the underside of the pileus, and 3) dentate - having downward protruding cones/”teeth”