Pharmacology
This term refers to the active ingredient name of a medication, while the "Trade Name" refers to its brand name.
What is the Generic Name?
In the PSAX Coronary Artery View, this is the specific clock position where the Left Coronary Artery (LCA) typically originates.
What is 5 o'clock?
This is the primary indication for using UEAs, specifically when a sonographer fails to visualize at least two contiguous segments of this heart chamber.
What is the Left Ventricle (LV)?
Stress Echo identifies this disease by detecting exercise-induced wall motion abnormalities that are absent at rest.
What is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)?
Unlike standard ultrasound, TEE provides real-time imaging via a transducer mounted on this flexible medical instrument.
What is a gastroscope.
These medications directly bind to and stimulate receptor functions to replicate or enhance natural physiological responses.
What are Agonists?
This suprasternal notch view is excellent for visualizing pulmonary venous drainage into the left atrium.
What is the "Crab View"?
Left heart agents are designed to be this size, approximately 1–5 µm, to ensure they can pass through the pulmonary capillary bed.
What is the size of a red blood cell?
This is the standard formula used to calculate a patient's Predicted Maximum Heart Rate.
What is 220 minus Age?
Because the probe is placed in the esophagus, it has this physical advantage that reduces signal loss.
What is proximity to the heart (or less attenuation)?
This route of administration involves delivering medications through the digestive system for a systemic effect.
What is Enteral?
When obtaining an aortic Doppler signal from the right parasternal window, the patient should be placed in this specific position with their right arm extended.
What is the right lateral decubitus position?
This imaging artifact, which looks like "shadowing," is caused by a bolus that is too concentrated or injected too quickly.
What is attenuation?
This calculation performed during stress can strongly predict major adverse cardiac events.
What is the Wall Motion Score Index (WMSI)?
This imaging window is located approximately 30–40 cm deep from the patient's incisors.
What is the Mid-esophageal (ME) window?
These medications, such as Furosemide (Lasix), increase urine flow to treat symptomatic heart failure with fluid retention.
What are Diuretics?
A key way to differentiate the aorta from the IVC in the subcostal long-axis view is that the aorta does not respond to this physiological process.
What is respiration (breathing)?
This UEA is unique because its outer shell is composed of human albumin rather than phospholipids.
What is Optison?
This clinical manifestation usually occurs last in the sequence of events, which explains why silent ischemia can exist.
What is Symptom Onset (or Angina)?
This specific physical concern, often related to trauma during insertion, is listed as a "miscellaneous" complication.
What is dental trauma?
This drug is used in emergencies to treat dangerously slow heart rates by blocking vagus nerve signals.
What is Atropine?
To enhance the visualization of color flow across the interatrial septum when checking for a PFO or ASD, the sonographer should use this specific adjustment on the color Doppler scale.
What is a reduced color velocity scale?
Because most rare but life-threatening reactions occur within this timeframe, resuscitation equipment must be readily available.
What is 30 minutes?
This pharmacological agent is the most common alternative for patients unable to exercise, as it increases both heart rate and contractility.
What is Dobutamine?
It is considered unsafe to continue using a TEE probe if its internal temperature reaches this Celsius range.
What is 40–45 degrees Celsius?