Exam 1
Exam 2
Exam 3
random
vocab
100

what are the 4 macromolecules and what are each made of?

Carbohydrates: monosaccarides

Lipids: fatty acids

Proteins: amino acids

Nucleic acids: nucleotides

100

What is the central dogma?

dna to rna to protein

replication, transcription, translation

100
one parent is BB and one parent is Bb. What is the likelihood the resulting offspring is bb?

0%

100

give 2 examples of evidence for evolution

fossil evidence (e.g., transition fossils)
- homologous traits
- vestigial traits
- similarities in genetic sequences (and amino acid coding)
- similarities in development (ontogeny) between different species
- direct observations of natural selection (e.g., antibiotic resistant bacteria)

100

keystone species

an organism that helps hold the system together.

200

Do plant cells perform cellular respiration? What is cellular respiration?

Breaking down glucose into ATP, yes using the glucose from photosynthesis.

200

what direction does the leading strand go to?

5 to 3

3 to 5 if lagging

200
  • Trait expression and transmission is only in males, the individuals with the Y chromosome.
  • If a male has a trait, so should his father and paternal grandfather as well as his sons and their sons. It follows the inheritance of the Y chromosome.

Y linked

200

what is an analogous trait and a homologous trait?

sharks and dolphins (AT)

bat wing and human arm (HT)

200

haploid cell

Haploid describes a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes.

300

What is photosynthesis and what are the major by products?

process in which plants create their own glucose from sunlight and CO2, creates glucose

300

the mRNA codon is CAG? what amino acid does this code for?

Gln

300
  • Males and females are equally likely to have the trait.
  • There is male to male transmission.
  • Traits do not skip generations (generally). If the trait is displayed in offspring, at least one parent must show the trait.
  • If parents don’t have the trait, their children should not have the trait (except for situations of gene amplification).
  • The trait is present whenever the corresponding gene is present (generally). If both parents possess the trait, but it is absent in any of their offspring, then the parents are both heterozygous (“carriers”) of the recessive allele.
  • Homozygotes for the dominant condition have a more severe form of the condition.

autosomal dominant

300

what are the pros and cons of asexual and sexual reproduction?

AR cons: No variation - if the parent has a genetic disease, offspring does too.

AR pros: Time Efficient; no need to search for mate, requires less energy

SR cons: Requires two organisms, requires more energy

SR pros: Variation, Unique., organism is more protected

300

hydrogen bond

in chemistry, a hydrogen bond is primarily an electrostatic force of attraction between a hydrogen atom which is covalently bonded to a more electronegative "donor" atom or group

400

What are the components of the cell membrane?

Phospholipid bilayer, separates the ECM from the CM, responsible for cellular transport etc

400

what is a point mutation? is it bad?

A point mutation occurs in a genome when a single base pair is added, deleted or changed.

400

what does it mean to be fit for the environment?

able to survive, an organism's ability to pass its genetic material to its offspring

400

what are the three stages of cellular respiration?

Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation

400

codominance

a type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual.

500

Give two examples of similarities and differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Same: Both have ribosomes and DNA

Different: EU are more complex, and have linear DNA

500

what is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

include about the stages and cell types

Somatic cells vs gametes

have the same stages, except meiosis is longer

500

scientist who founded modern genetics

Gregor Mendel

500

genotypes

the genetic constitution of an individual organism.