Ch. 13
The conditional release of an inmate from incarceration, under supervision, after part of the prison sentence has been served
Parole
What two elements are required for cyber crime?
Computer & Internet
A juvenile lacking support and heading for trouble is often called
PINS (Person in Need of Supervision)
If a child’s custodians fail to care for child, this crime is classified as
Neglected
A Supreme Court case that allows warrantless searches for weapons/evidence in the nearby area of those who are arrested
Chimel v. California (1969)
Release after completing sentence, can not be returned to prison
Expiration Release
The FBI uses _____ organization to address immediate critical problems
CATS (Cyber Action Teams)
The state/government serves as parent, guardian and protector of all citizens (such as juveniles) who cannot protect themselves
Parens Patriae
Conditional release by parole board under state guidelines, can return to prison
Discretionary Release
What US Supreme Court case ruled that deadly force may not be used against an unarmed and fleeing suspect unless necessary to prevent their escape and unless the officer has probable cause to believe that the suspect poses a significant threat of serious injury.
Tennessee v. Garner (1985)
The three concepts that parole rests upon:
1) Grace
2) Contract
3) Custody
Defined as stealing basic personal and financial information about someone to access money and goods in their name.
Identity Theft
A Supreme Court court case that ruled that juveniles had the right to counsel at a hearing at which a juvenile judge may waive jurisdiction and pass the case to the adult court
Kent v. United States (1966)
If a child has no adult care, they are now a
Dependent
To receive an arrest warrant, one must prove
Probable Cause
Required release under state guidelines, prisoners' are ‘maxed out’
Mandatory Release
A national database, maintained by the FBI, where DNA samples are contained
CODIS (Combined DNA Index System)
Any act committed by a juvenile that is considered unacceptable for a child, but would not be a crime if it were committed by an adult
Status Offense
What is the order of the time periods for juvenile justice in the American criminal justice system?
1) Puritan Period (1624 - 1824)
2) The Refuge Period (1824-1899)
3) The Juvenile Court Period (1899-1960)
4) The Juvenile Rights Period (1960-1980)
Evidence that would have been discovered even without the need for a warrant can be admissible under the
Inevitable Discovery Rule
Parole officers are asked to play two incompatible roles:
Cop & Social Worker
The Supreme Court case that ruled that law enforcement officials cannot examine a home with a thermal-imaging device unless they obtain a warrant
Kyllo v. United States (2001)
A criminal justice time period where reformers focused their efforts primarily on the urban immigrant poor (juveniles)
The Refuge Period (1824 - 1899)
Used instead of a warrant to bring juvenile under court authority
Petition
Examples of "warrantless" searches
Special needs beyond the normal purposes of law enforcement
Stop and frisk on the streets
Search incident to a lawful arrest
Exigent circumstances
Consent
Automobile searches