French Rev/Nationalism
Describe the Estate System. How did this system determine taxation in pre-revolutionary France?
1-Clergy, 2-Nobility, 3-everyone else (responsible for all tithes and taxes)
What was the increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18th century (1700s)?
The Industrial Revolution
How did Europeans mostly rule their colonies in the context of imperialism?
Indirect rule using local intermediaries
What is "total war"?
War without restrictions uses all resources, affects military AND civilians.
What was the economic result of the Treaty of Versailles in Germany?
Huge reparations placed on Germany, printed/borrowed money to pay debt, led to rampant inflation.
What document stated that "men are born and remain free and equal in rights"?
Declaration of the Rights of Man
What are the three factors of production?
Land, Labor, Capital.
What colony was Britain's "jewel in the crown", and why?
India was the most valuable British colony.
How did industrialization impact World War I?
Led to increased production of military weapons and equipment.
The Invasion of Poland caused what? Be specific.
Britain and France declared war on Germany, starting WWII.
Who are the bourgeoisie, and what movement did they support?
Educated members of the Third Estate supported the Enlightenment.
What was the first industry to undergo major industrialization?
Textiles (fabric/clothing)
Describe assimilation.
The local colonial population adopts the culture of the controlling country.
What was the goal of the Zimmerman Telegram? And what did it lead to?
How did the USA try to stop Japan's aggression in the Pacific? What was the consequence?
The US cut off oil shipments to Japan, which led to Pearl Harbor, and the US officially joined WWII.
What group imposed the Reign of Terror?
The Committee of Public Safety
Describe Laissez-Faire policy.
Minimal government interference in industry, free market.
What African country maintained its independence during the "Scramble for Africa", and how?
Ethiopia's Menelik II wrote a letter to Europeans asking for independence and a coastline because it was already a Christian nation.
How did imperial ambitions impact the Balkans and contribute to the start of World War I? What two countries were involved? Who was assassinated?
Rivalry over the Balkans heightened tensions between Austria-Hungary and Serbia, leading to the assassination of the Archduke of Austria-Hungary, Franz Ferdinand.
What happened to Autocrat Tsar Nicholas II of Russia?
Forced to abdicate the throne after the February Revolution, later murdered by the Bolsheviks.
Leaders of the Congress of Vienna wanted to restore power in France to...
The Monarchy
What increased as a result of the Industrial Revolution (3 things)?
Cities (Urbanization), the middle class, length of the work day.
What was the primary reason European states sought colonies during the 19th-century imperialism?
Control means of production.
What are the M.A.I.N. causes of WWI, and how did each impact the buildup to war?
Militarism leads to an arms race
Alliances force multiple countries to go to war when an assassination occurs
Imperialism builds tension among European rivals
Nationalism-fueled resentment among defeated nations
Describe Israel after WWII and its tension with Palestine.
The United Nations established the Jewish state of Israel after WWII, with land from Palestine. Palestinians living in Israel were treated poorly. Leads to decades of fighting.