Meiosis
If a dog has 24 chromosomes in its normal cells, it has ___ in its reproductive cells
What is 12?
One outcome of a mutation
What is nothing happens, evolution, cancer, or genetic variation?
Change in allele frequency in a population over time
What is evolution?
A group of individuals that have had multiple generations able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring
What is a species?
A cross between a yellow flower and a pink flower results in all pink flowers. Pink is ___
What is dominant?
Sister chromatids separate in this phase of meiosis (I or II?)
What is meiosis II?
This enzyme makes DNA from RNA
What is reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?
This person created the theory of evolution
Who is Charles Darwin?
This speciation occurs when two populations of the same species have been geographically separated and proceed to become unable to reproduce if they come in contact again
What is allopatric speciation?
Probability of getting a recessive trait if you cross a heterozygous dominant (Aa) with a homozygous recessive (aa)
What is 50%?
Result of meiosis
4 genetically unique haploid gamete cells
Poplulation is protected from disease because a group of individuals is immune to the disease
What is herd immunity?
This variation must be present for natural selection to be possible
What is genetic variation?
This type of reproductive barrier (isolation) occurs when two populations of a species mate at different times of day.
What is temporal isolation?
This results in a change to allele frequencies because some individuals survive longer and can reproduce better than others
What is natural selection?
This process combines a haploid number of chromosomes from each parent by joining each gamete together, which gives the offspring their diploid number of chromosomes
What is fertilization
As a result of this cycle, viral DNA is incorporated into the host cell DNA
What is the lysogenic cycle?
This method of predicting allele frequency in a population needs the following conditions: large population size, no mutations, random mating, no natural selection, and no gene flow
What is Hardy-Weinberg?
This type of selection favors maintaining an intermediate trait and acts against extremes
ex: medium-sized rats favored over large or small rats
What is stabilizing selection?
Mendel's Law of Segregation is based on this
What is Meiosis?
One thing that increases genetic variation
What is crossing over, random fertilization, independent assortment, or mutations?
What is they do not have their own metabolism?
This is a type of speciation that occurs when two species evolve together
What is co-speciation?
This type of stabilization selects for extreme and against intermediate
ex: grey rats are eaten more by predators than white or black rats
What is disruptive selection?
A segment of DNA containing information to make a single polypeptide
What is a gene?