A
Which of the following is true regarding athletes and the consumption of an adequate amount of vitamin A from food?
Vitamin A intake generally reflects fruit and vegetable intake
Nutrition periodization refers to the ____.
development of a nutrition plan that parallels the demands of each training cycle
What is essential fat?
Minimum body fat needed for proper physiological function
Is heme or non-heme iron absorbed better?
Heme Iron
Define discretionary calories
Calories still needed for energy needs after meeting macro needs
Overconsumption of which vitamin is most likely to result in toxicity?
Vitamin A or Vitamin E?
Vitamin A (retinol)
Blood cells whose primary function is the transport of oxygen are called ____.
erythrocytes
In general, how long does it take vitamin toxicities to develop?
Several months to years
Overconsumption of this mineral could interfere with iron absorption?
Zinc
How many kcal are needed to support the growth of 1 pound of muscle?
2300kcals
Define leptin and ghrelin.
Both hormones
leptin - fat cells, ghrelin - cells in GI tract
leptin - weight maintenance, ghrelin- increases drive to eat
The intake of which vitamin is likely to be low in both athletic and sedentary Americans?
Vitamin E? Vitamin C?
Vitamin E
Which is more common - iron deficiency anemia or pernicious anemia due to lack of vitaminB12 absorption?
iron-deficiency anemia
What are good food sources of vitamin E?
Nuts, oils, avocado
For athletes who are underweight and want to increase both muscle mass and body fat it is generally recommended that energy intake be increased by _____ kcal daily
500 kcals/ day
In general, it is recommended that well-trained athletes lose no more than ____ lb of weight per week.
1-2lbs
Using the formula listed below, calculate the target body weight of a male soccer player currently weighing 184 lb with a 16% body fat. His goal is 12% body fat.
Target body weight = Current FFM / 1 - desired % BF
1−0.12154.56=0.88154.56=175.64 lb
Target body weight ≈ 176 lb
Explain the difference of clinical and subclinical in regards to calcium.
Severity - osteopenia vs osteoporosis
The nutrient that enhances iron absorption is ____.
Vitamin C
Purging through vomiting, laxative use, over exercise
Calculate the BMI of an adult that weighs 165lbs and is 5'11" tall.
BMI=23.1 kg/m2
BMI=weight(kg)/height^2 (meters)
An unhealthy obsession with healthy eating describes ____.
Orthorexia
What vitamins might a vegan athlete be low in?
B12 and/or iron
At what age does peak bone mineral density occur (assuming that calcium intake is adequate)?
20-35yo
How much additional protein is needed per day to support the growth of one pound of muscle?
14g