Social Psychology
Following an outcome, ________ are those attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light.
A. egocentric bias
B. fundamental bias
C. interpersonal bias
D. self-serving bias
D. self-serving bias
Which term describes the degree to which individuals enjoy their job?
A. job fulfillment
B. job gratification
C. job happiness
D. job satisfaction
D. job satisfaction
A stressor is likely to be appraised as a threat when someone ________.
A. anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence
B. believes it is a threat
C. believes that it carries the potential for gain or personal growth
D. experiences the physical responses subjectively defined as the fear response
A. anticipates that it could lead to some kind of harm, loss, or other negative consequence
A psychological disorder is a ________.
A. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
B. condition characterized by normal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
C. manifestation of a psychopathology
D. situational, idiosyncratic, or unconventional inner feelings
A. condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
During the therapist’s first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client’s immediate needs.
A. admission
B. analysis
C. counseling
D. intake
D. intake
What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus?
A. group patterns
B. groupthink
C. inter-group bias
D. pattern bias
B. groupthink
Industrial–organizational psychologists work in four main contexts: academia, government, consulting, and ________.
A. business
B. criminal justice
C. high school
D. non-profit
A. business
Which term refers to mental or behavioral efforts used to manage problems relating to stress, including the cause and the unpleasant feelings and emotions it produces?
A. autopilot
B. biofeedback
C. coping
D. distress
C. coping
A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks.
A. anxiety
B. generalized
C. safety
D. social
A. anxiety
Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors?
A. behavior
B. biomedical
C. cognitive
D. exposure
A. behavior
A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative.
A. attitude
B. cognition
C. feeling
D. sense
A. attitude
Work overload, harassment, and bullying can all lead to ________.
A. age discrimination
B. Hawthorne effect
C. job satisfaction
D. job stress
D. job stress
Guidance, encouragement, acceptance, emotional comfort, and tangible assistance are all examples of ________.
A. eustress
B. happiness
C. health
D. social support
D. social support
Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________.
A. being outside the home alone
B. blood
C. enclosed spaces
D. heights
A. being outside the home alone
Elena is attending mandatory therapy sessions. Her doctor just wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify?
A. behavior therapy
B. cognitive therapy
C. humanistic therapy
D. psychodynamic psychotherapy
D. psychodynamic psychotherapy
Who was the social psychology professor at Yale who designed an obedience study in order to test the defense of “I was just following orders” typically used by accused Nazis?
A. Asch
B. Milgram
C. Phillips
D. Zimbardo
B. Milgram
Melora has a sick child at home. Her employer allows her to ________ for a week, so she can work from home, set her own hours, and complete most of her work while caring for her child.
A. outwork
B. telecommute
C. teleconference
D. work-sharing
B. telecommute
Heather considers taking a new job. She focuses on the increased opportunities for promotion and the higher salary rather than her increased responsibilities; therefore, she views the new position as a ________ rather than a ________.
A. challenge; distress
B. challenge; threat
C. distress; eustress
D. threat; challenge
B. challenge; threat
Mae notices that her daughter, Natalie, is extremely preoccupied with the freckles on her nose. Mae can barely see the freckles, but Natalie spends hours in front of the mirror and recently declared that her nose is deformed and she is ugly. She spent her entire weekend applying products to eliminate the freckles, and she recently announced her plans to save money for plastic surgery. Mae believes her daughter may have a ________ disorder.
A. body dysmorphic
B. generalized anxiety
C. mood
D. neurological
A. body dysmorphic
Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client.
A. cognitive therapy
B. free association
C. rational emotive therapy
D. transference
B. free association
Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________.
A. aggression
B. cognitive dissonance
C. diffusion of responsibility
D. prosocial behavior
C. diffusion of responsibility
Which of the following is a good example of workplace violence?
A. Dwayne refuses to take the elevator because he is claustrophobic.
B. Eduardo verbally abuses his assistant.
C. Mark expects his secretary to drop off his dry cleaning.
D. Raphael provides performance bonuses only to team leaders.
B. Eduardo verbally abuses his assistant.
Hans Selye’s definition of stress is considered a response-based definition because it conceptualizes stress chiefly in terms of the ________.
A. best action to take in order to eliminate the stressor
B. body’s baseline reaction to ordinary events
C. body’s physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it
D. mental health of the individual
C. body’s physiological reaction to any demand that is placed on it
Which of the following is an example of hopelessness theory?
A. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.
B. Rochelle is depressed, so she thinks terrible things will happen.
C. Rochelle is in an earthquake and many of her friends die, so she becomes depressed.
D. Rochelle stops taking her medication because she does not think medication will help her depression.
A. Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed.
Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill?
A. churches
B. prisons
C. psychiatric hospitals
D. schools
C. psychiatric hospitals