Cranial Nerves
CN XII: What is the name of this nerve and what is it's primary function?
Hypoglossal; muscles of the tongue
How would a lesion in the premotor/supplementary motor area affect articulation?
Phonemic errors, groping, inconsistency
Connection between cortical regions and brainstem/spinal cord: a or b
a. Upper Motor Neuron
b. Lower Motor Neuron
Give two examples that fall under the answer you chose.
a. Upper Motor Neuron
i. Corticospinal tract
ii. Corticobulbar tract
Food is chewed, tasted, and mixed with saliva
Oral Prep
What disorder presents as... Loss of muscle tone, muscular weakness, loss of reflexes, muscular fasciculations (involuntary movements), breathy voice quality
Flaccid dysarthria
CNV: What is the name of this nerve and what is it's primary function?
Trigeminal; mastication (chewing)
What disorders result from a lesion in the basal ganglia?
Hypokinetic dysarthria and hyperkinetic dysarthria
Responsible for inntervating LMN for skilled/fine movement of muscles below the neck
Corticospinal tract
Epiglottis inverts to protect airway as the bolus is swallowed, bolus moves down pharyngeal cavity
Pharyngeal
Name the disorder that presents with these symptoms... Movement on command is affected, planning and sequencing is disrupted, phonemic mistakes, groping, inconsistencies
Apraxia of speech
CNIX: What is the name of this nerve and what is it's primary function?
Glossopharyngeal; saliva, stylopharyngeus muscle, taste to posterior 1/3 of tongue
How would a lesion in the cerebellum affect the larynx?
Larynx: Difficulty with elevation and epiglottis inversion
Regulates muscle tone; receives information from indirect motor system (basal ganglia and cerebellum)
Extrapyramidal tract
Muscles at the top of the esophagus relax to allow bolus to pass into stomach
Esophageal
What therapeutic approach would you take when working with someone with a degenerative condition?
- Focus on abilities they can actually improve on
- Provide assistance for impaired functions
- Improve quality of life
**Answers may vary: Share what you put if you have something different! (:
CNVII: What is the name of this nerve and what is it's primary function?
Facial; muscles of the face
How would the articulators be affected by a lesion in the Corticospinal tract?
Increased muscle tone, stiff, restricted, or no movement
Innervates all LMN necessary for speech articulation
Corticobulbar tract
Velum elevates to close off nasal cavity, food is moved to the back of oral cavity
Oral Transport
What disorder presents with the following symptoms... difficulty swallowing, effortful breathing, stiffness, restricted movement
Spastic dysarthria
CNX: What is the name of this nerve and what is the primary function?
Vagus; sensation of pharynx/larynx
A lesion above the pyramidal decussation on the right corticospinal tract would result in what symptoms?
Weakness in the left side of the body
A bilateral lesion on the contralateral corticospinal tract would result in...
a. Right side weakness
b. Left side weakness
c. Both side weakness
d. Right side paralysis
e. Left side paralysis
f. Both side paralysis
c. Both side weakness
Because... A signal is still being sent from the ipsilateral corticospinal tract. So, there is weakness but not total loss of movement.
Name 3 cranial nerves involved in swallowing
Cranial nerves: V, VII, IX, X, XI, XII
What types of intervention would be appropriate for someone with aphasia?
- Language stimulation (conversational based activities, reading, writing)
- Cognitive based activities
- AAC if needed