Cells
What cell structure controls what enters and leaves the cell?
Cell membrane
Which body system is responsible for pumping blood through the body?
Circulatory system
What is a trait?
A physical or observable characteristic
Brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue eyes (b). One parent has blue eyes, and the other parent is heterozygous brown. What is the percentage their offspring will have blue eyes?
50%
What process helps organisms maintain a stable internal environment?
Homeostasis
Which organelle is known as the “powerhouse of the cell”?
Mitochondria
Which system allows oxygen to enter the body and carbon dioxide to leave?
Respiratory system
What do we call different versions of the same gene?
Alleles
Tall plants (T) are dominant over short plants (t). Two heterozygous tall plants are crossed. What is the percentage of the offspring being short?
25%
Which level of organization comes directly after tissues?
Organs
What organelle contains digestive enzymes and breaks down waste?
What organelle contains digestive enzymes and breaks down waste?
Which two systems work together to allow movement when you walk?
Muscular and skeletal systems
What term describes an organism’s genetic makeup?
Genotype
Black fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b). A black dog and a white dog produce puppies where half are black and half are white. What are the genotypes of the parents?
White Dog - bb
Black Dog - Bb
What type of reproduction produces genetically identical offspring?
Asexual reproduction
Which cell type has a nucleus: prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic
Which system removes wastes like urea and helps maintain fluid balance?
Excretory (urinary) system
What term describes how traits physically appear?
Phenotype
Freckles (F) are dominant over no freckles (f). A parent with freckles is crossed with a parent with no freckles, and all children have freckles. What is the genotype of the parent with freckles?
FF - Homozygous Dominant
Which type of reproduction increases genetic diversity?
Sexual reproduction
Which two organelles work together to make and transport proteins?
Ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum
Explain how the circulatory and respiratory systems work together.
The respiratory system brings oxygen into the lungs, and the circulatory system carries that oxygen to cells.
What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles when both are present.
In a species of lizard, spotted skin (S) is dominant over solid skin (s).
Two lizards with spotted skin mate and produce 16 offspring.
Out of those offspring:
12 have spotted skin
4 have solid skin
What are the genotypes of BOTH parents, and what percentage of the offspring are heterozygous?
Explain why sexual reproduction helps species survive changing environments.
It creates genetic diversity, increasing the chance that some organisms can survive environmental changes.