Exam 1
____________: the movement of water through very small spaces without any energy
Capillary Action
What would the metabolic classification be for an organism that obtains its energy from the sun and its carbon from organic compounds?
What is referred to as "replication division"?
Mitosis
________________: alleles segregate during meiosis so that each gamete receives 1 allele from each parent
Mendel's Principle of Segregation
________________: large branched chain of glucose molecules attached to a central protein (Exam 3)
Glycogen
What is the function of a buffer?
Used to maintain a constant pH
(1) What process produces subunits and (2) is delta G positive or negative for this process?
Catabolism (-deltaG)
What complex helps initiate DNA synthesis?
What enzyme charges the tRNA by adding an amino acid to it?
Aminoacyl tRNA Synthetases
List the 3 phases of glycolysis. (Exam 2)
Preparatory Phase
Cleavage Phase
Payoff Phase
What organelle is used to digest macromolecules?
Lysosomes
List the main photosynthetic pigment and 1 accessory pigment.
Chlorophyll A (Main photosynthetic pigment)
Chlorophyll B & Carotenoids (accessory pigments)
Telomeres
Initiation in prokaryotes occurs at any ____________________ which allows for mRNA to code for several polypeptides
Shine-Dalgarno Sequence
What process produces ATP in the Krebs cycle? (Exam 2)
Substrate Level Phosphorylation
(process that makes ATP in the steps of cellular respiration before the ETC)
List 5 of the characteristics of life.
Order
Response to stimuli
Reproduction
Growth & development
Regulation
Homeostasis
Energy processing
List the locations for the light dependent & light independent reactions.
Light Dependent Reactions = Thylakoid Membrane
Light Independent Reactions = Stoma
List 3 things that occur during prophase I.
Chromosomes first become visible threads and continue to condense
Homologous chromosomes undergo synapsis (gene-for-gene pairing)
Homologous pairs of chromosomes for a bivalent (consists of 2 sister chromatids)
Crossing over (homologous pairs swap a random amount of DNA with each other)
Etc.
When will a punnett square have a 9:3:3:1 ratio? (under what conditions)
When there are 2 parents that are heterozygous for 2 different traits (ex. AaBb x AaBb)
What is the mRNA sequence of the following DNA sequence?
3'-GTA-CCC-TTG-5'
5'-CAU-GGG-AAC-3'
Draw the process of dehydration synthesis.
OH-[]-[]-H + HO-[]-H + H2O --> HO-[]-[]-[]-H
List each of the cytoskeletal fibers and what they are made of.
Microtubules (Tubulin)
Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)
Intermediate Filaments (Keratin Proteins)
List any 4 enzymes that are used in DNA replication.
Helicase
Topoisomerase
DNA Ligase
RNA Primase
DNA Polymerase (I, II, & III)
Explain negative transcriptional regulation.
The native state of the DNA allows the RNA polymerase to be recruited and transcription takes place
If the repressor protein binds to the DNA, it inhibits recruitment of RNA polymerase and transcription does not occur
List all 4 of the biomacromolecules and the bonds that hold them together. (Exam 1)
Carbohydrates (Glycosidic Linkages)
Lipids (Ester Bonds)
Proteins (Peptide Bonds)
Nucleic Acids (Phosphodiester Bonds)