Category One
The three domains of language.
What are form, content and use?
The typical age when children have near adult-like speech patterns.
What is age six?
The reading precursor that states children learn letters of their names earlier than other letters.
What is own-name advantage?
Expanding on a child’s utterance to provide enhanced meaning, such as “truck” followed by “yes. Big truck!”
What are language expansions?
An important communication style for infants because infants are drawn to voices with enhanced pitch, volume variations and increased affect.
What is parentese?
the smallest unit of meaning in words
What is a morpheme?
An important precursor to reading that includes: developing print interest, recognizing print functions, and understanding print conventions.
What is print awareness?
The collective pre-reading skill that includes word awareness, syllable awareness, rhyme awareness, onset awareness, phoneme identity
What is phonological awareness?
Extending meaning associated with what is capturing a child’s interest, such as “truck” followed by “Yes. A truck carries groceries to the store for us to buy” or “A truck is bigger than our van”
What are language extensions?
interruption in speech flow, part or whole word repetitions/prolongations or silent blocks.
What is a fluency disorder, or stuttering?
A unit of sound
What is a phoneme?
Instrumental (requests to satisfy needs), regulatory, interactional, personal, heuristic, imaginative, informative are all this type of function.
What are discourse functions?
The age at which phonological processes are extinguished.
What is age five?
This includes dialectal differences, and cultural norm differences for social and conversational exchanges.
What is a language difference? (NOT a language disorder)
how a person understands the rules of conversation, including turn taking, listening, staying on topic, truthfulness, clarity, balance, and relevance.
What is conversational pragmatics? (falls under the use of language)
idiosyncratic word-like productions children use consistently and meaningfully but that do not approximate adult forms.
What are phonetically consistent forms, or PCFs?
The ability to understand one’s mental or emotional state, to understand that others also have mental or emotional states, and to realize that others’ mental and emotional states, beliefs, intentions, experiences and perspectives differ from one’s own.
What is theory of mind?
The ability to acquire a general word meaning with as little as a single exposure to the word.
What is fast-mapping?
Meaning that goes beyond what is stated; for instance idioms like “it’s raining cats and dogs”, “I am so hungry I could eat a horse”, “hang on”, etc.
What is nonliteral language (figurative language)?
The phase when children are not yet truly reading and writing, but they are forming an early foundation that prepares them for reading and writing. Important achievements for preschoolers in this phase include alphabet knowledge, print awareness, and phonological awareness.
What is emergent literacy?
The typical age when children utter their first words.
What is 12 months?
This group of children shows emerging alphabet knowledge during the first three years of life
What are homes where book reading is common?
What are temporal prepositions/words/terms?
This type of caregiver comment has greater impact because the item of interest has already captured the child’s attention, and they are as a result more likely to attend to extensions and expansions provided by the caregiver.
What is a follow-in?
These are three differences that can impact language development.
What are: socioeconomic status, genetic differences, exposure to language form, content and use in the home, book reading?