A Nation Divided
What was sectionalism?
When people were more loyal to their part of the country (their "section") than to the country as a whole
The Compromise of 1850 included a stronger Fugitive Slave Act. Please describe it and the reaction in the north.
Required northerners to personally participate in recapturing escaped enslaved people. Some states were so angry they passed laws refusing to follow this.
Which side in the war had more people, railroads, and industry?
The North/ The Union
What was sharecropping and what did it replace?
People without much money would work rented land in exchanged for a "share" of the crop. It provided a source of inexpensive labor for landowners. It "replaced" slavery from an economic standpoint.
What was one of the South's major advantages at the beginning of the Civil War
Better trained soldiers, better generals, home field advantage
Agricultural inventions of the time include:
Steel tip plow, cotton gin, mechanical reaper
Lincoln, a ______, was elected in 1860 without support from the South. How did this happen?
Republican. The Democratic party split over slavery, running 2 candidates and dividing the vote. This allowed Lincoln from the Republican party to win.
Battle the marked the beginning of the war:
Location of Lee's surrender/end of the war:
Fort Sumter, Appomattox
What were some of the legal and cultural/social successes of Reconstruction? At least 1 of each.
Legal - Freedmen's Bureau, 13, 14, 15th Amendments
Social - Establishment/Strengthening of black families, churches, education systems
North - industrial economy, paid labor, including poor women, children, and immigrants
South - agricultural economy, largely based on the labor of enslaved people (which included all ages)
Nativism was
an anti-immigrant movement/ideology that perceived immigrants as a threat, and so sought to restrict their rights and make it more difficult for them to become citizens and participate fully in American democracy.
"Bleeding Kansas" refers to
Double if you can name the law that created the situation . . .
outbreaks of violence that happened after Kansas was opened to the possibility of slavery through "popular sovereignty" with the Kansas Nebraska Act.
Name and explain the Union's plan to defeat the Confederacy
- capture the Confederate capitol (Richmond, VA)
- naval blockade of South along the Atlantic and Gulf
- capture the Mississippi River and cut the Confederacy in half
Explain the Plessy v Ferguson case.
Plessy was a racially mixed man who was arrested for sitting in the white rail car in Louisiana. He argued that the law was unconstitutional. The court found that segregation was legal, saying "separate but equal".
Describe the available medical care during the Civil War. Mention ammunition, amputation, disease.
Newer weapons and ammunition were more damaging than in the past. Amputation to avoid infection was common, but basic hygiene practices (handwashing, disinfecting, etc) weren't used. Disease spread quickly. Most soldiers died of disease or infection.
The Industrial Revolution was ______, and started in ______.
A time where people increasingly used machine labor to replace human labor, Great Britain in the 1700s.
Western expansion complicated slavery, and in some ways, forced the country ever closer to the Civil War. Why/how?
Demand for land to grow cotton with enslaved labor is a push factor. In addition, people disagreed about whether new states should/would/could allow slavery or not.
Describe Nat Turner and Dred Scott's attempts to escape slavery and their outcomes.
Nat Turner - violent slave revolt, retribution killings, illegal for slaves to learn to read and write after
Dred Scott - sued for his freedom after living in free states, SC decides that black Americans were not citizens
What were some of the social/political/economic failures of Reconstruction?
Black Codes
Jim Crow laws (segregation)
Rise of the KKK
Failure to redistribute land
In the first half of the 1800s, compromises were focused on
keeping the balance between slave and free states in order to preserve the balance in the Senate.
German immigrants in the 1800s were fleeing ______, economically were ______, and settled in _______.
Irish immigrants in the same time were fleeing ______, economically were ______, religiously were ______ and settled in _______.
Political instability, middle class/had some money, midwest (further west)
Famine, poor, Catholic, large cities in the northeast.
John Brown and Harriet Beecher Stowe were both abolitionists, but used very different tactics. What did they each do?
John Brown - violence - Bleeding Kansas, tried to start a slave revolt by attacking Harper's Ferry for weapons
Harriet Beecher Stowe - non-violent - Wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin to demonstrate horrors of slavery
Lincoln's choices
Who did the Emancipation Proclamation apply to? Why did Lincoln choose Andrew Johnson as a running mate in 1864?
Slaves in the CONFEDERATE states (not the border states)
To keep the border states happy.
Why were the Reconstruction Amendments passed, and what was the main focus of each one?
To guarantee/protect the civil rights of newly freed people.
13 - End slavery
14 - Citizenship for former slaves, due process, equal protection
15 - Voting rights for black men
The battle of Gettysburg was a turning point in the war. Why/how?
It was the bloodiest battle of the war, and the Confederates never went on the offensive again. Lee lost 1/3 of his troops.