Roman, German, Christian
The primary reason for the fall of the Western Roman Empire
What is the Germanic barbarian invasions?
High Renaissance/Baroque artist who painted Judith Slaying Holofernes.
Who is Artemesia Gentileschi?
The idea that because God is all knowing and all powerful, each person's eternal fate is already divinely ordained. This doctrine is associated with French reformer John Calvin.
What is the doctrine of predestination?
Created the first New Testament translation in English, and argued that the church is not a hierarchy, but a community of believers.
Who is John Wycliffe?
This church edict forbade violence against anyone on certain holy days, such as Easter, Christmas, and saints' days.
What is the Tregua Dei?
The primary group whose mounted migration out of Central Asia prompted the Germanic barbarians to push into Rome. Led by Attila.
Who are the Huns?
He challenged the authority of the pope by investing the Archbishop of Milan in spite of the pope's order that bishops could not be invested by lay people. But after the pope excommunicated him, he stood barefoot in the snow to beg for forgiveness.
Who is Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV?
The three vows taken by Benedictine monks.
What are poverty, chastity, and obedience?
This document reaffirmed Catholic doctrine following the Protestant Reformation, including papal supremacy, transubstantiation, and clerical authority over the laity.
What is the Tridentine Creed?
Starting in France with a charter from the Duke of Aquitaine,this new monastic order produced a whole generation of reforming monks who wanted to disentangle the church from political power.
Who are the Cluniac monks?
A war leader's war band, this group of Germans worked together as fighters and plunderers, and would also swear for the other members of their band if they were accused of a crime.
What is the comitatus?
Although his predecessor King William the Conqueror had made England into the first feudal monarchy, he lost a lot of that centralized authority when he alienated his barons and was forced to sign Magna Carta in 1215.
Who is King John?
The "Peace of God," this church order forbade violence at all times against certain types of people (women, children, clergy).
What is the Pax Dei?
Who are the Radicals or Anabaptists?
After Crusaders sacked it during the Fourth Crusade, this important eastern Christian city was weakened, and eventually fell to the Turks in 1453.
What is Constantinople?
In spite of its eventual decline and fall, this Empire left behind significant influence on European infrastructure (bridges, roads), law, and religion.
What is the Roman Empire?
Their expulsion of Jews, Muslims, and even converts from Judaism and Islam from Spain marked the end of the Reconquista in 1492. They also funded the first Columbian Voyage.
Who are Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain?
What is the Bayeux Tapestry?
His revelations from the angel Gabriel were written down as the Quran.
Who is Muhammad the Prophet?
In this country, the Protestant Reformation began because of the personal and political problems of the king, who wanted to divorce his wife.
What is England?
His baptism into the orthodox (correct teaching) Christian faith marked an important alliance between Holy Mother Church and Frankish Kings.
Who is Clovis?
The only knight that ever managed to knock Richard the Lionheart off a horse, he is often seen as the epitome of knightly chivalry.
Who is Sir William Marshall?
"Upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of Hades will not overcome it." This statement, made by Jesus following Simon Peter's confession of faith, is often cited as the foundation of this medieval institution.
What is the papacy?
This word means "one who submits" in Arabic.
What is Muslim?
A completely self-sufficient miniature economy, this was the basic economic building block of early medieval society, and many people lived on it for their whole lives, never traveling more than 30 miles from their birthplace.
What is the manor house?