The sum total of all the chemical reactions that go on in living cells.
What is metabolism.
100
The benefits of breast milk.
What are easy digestion, immunological protection, allergy and disease protection, and possibly obesity prevention and higher intelligence.
100
General life expectancy in the United States.
What is 78 years of age.
100
These are the two nutrient statuses of primary concern before a women becomes pregnant.
What are iron and folate.
100
A BMI above this classifies an individual as obese.
What is 30.
200
Reactions in which large molecules are broken down into smaller ones. These reactions release energy.
What is catabolism.
200
This is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency among American children.
What is iron deficiency.
200
These are the 6 lifestyle behaviors that have the greatest influence on people's health and therefore their physiological age.
What are eating well-balanced meals rich in fruits and vegetables, regular physical activity, not smoking, abstaining from alcohol or using it in moderation, maintaining a healthy body weight, and regular adequate sleep.
200
These are habits that a woman should establish in preparation for a healthy pregnancy.
What are achieving and maintaining a healthy body weight, eating an adequate and balanced diet, being physically active, receiving regular medical care, managing chronic conditions, and avioding harmful influences.
200
This is the term used to describe the feeling of fullness and satisfaction and inhibits eating until the next meal.
What is satiety.
300
These are the final products of metabolism -- what comes out of the electron transport chain.
What are ATP and water.
300
About 25 percent of infants and toddlers over 9 months of age do not eat a single serving of these food groups each day!
What are fruits and vegetables. Note: by 15-18 months of age the most commonly consumed vegetable is french fries and the most common fruit is bananas.
300
This is loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and quality.
What is sarcopenia.
300
A woman of healthy weight should gain this amount during pregnancy.
What is 25-35 pounds.
300
Factors that affect basal metabolic rate.
What are age, height, growth, gender, stresses, fever, starvation, hormones, smoking, caffeine, and sleep.
400
In glycolysis, glucose is broken down into this during the first step. This can also be used to create glucose during times that glucose is not available from the diet.
What is pyruvate.
400
These three nutrients are most commonly deficient among adolescence and are critical for growth and development during this stage.
What are vitamin D, iron, and calcium.
400
Energy needs decline about this much per decade.
What is 5%.
400
Of the additional calories needed during pregnancy, this macronutrient takes up the largest amount for the increase.
What is protein. Protein needs increase by 25 grams/day.
400
This enzyme removes triglycerides from the blood for storage in both adipose and muscle cells. The activity of this enzyme controls where fat is metabolized and stored.
What is lipoprotein lipase (LPL).
500
The fatty acids of a triglyceride molecule are converted to this before they enter the TCA cycle (Kreb's cycle). This is a one-way step.
What is acetyl CoA.
500
Adding this to an adolescents diet regularly, is correlated with a higher caloric diet, risk for overweight/obesity, and lower calcium intakes.
What is soda.
500
The DRIs remain mostly the same as we get older, but there are 6 nutrients that are of concern with older adults getting adequate amounts of. These are the six nutrients listed by your book.
What are Vitamin B12, Vitamin D, Folate, Calcium, Iron, and Zinc.
500
This is the increase in caloric requirement for lactating women.
What is 330 calories/day during the first 6 months and 400 calories/day during the second 6 months.
500
The DRI for physical activity to prevent weight gain.
What is 60 minutes per day of moderate intensity activity. Note that the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans are different and related to general health benefits for physical activity.