Induction
Inductive arguments claim that their conclusion __________ follows from the premises
What is "probably"
This type of reasoning starts with general principles or definitions and works toward a specific conclusion that must be true if the premises are true.
What is "deduction"?
This kind of argument is represented in the following example: "The committee can meet either in Room A, Room B, or Room C. Room A is already booked, and Room B is undergoing maintenance. Since those two options are unavailable, the only remaining possibility is that the committee will meet in Room C."
What is "Deduction by elimination"?
This journalistic approach exaggerates or dramatizes events to provoke strong emotions and attract attention, often at the expense of accuracy.
What is "sensationalism"?
This systematic process involves making observations, forming hypotheses, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions to understand natural phenomena.
What is "the scientific method"?
This kind of argument shows evidence to support the conclusion but the evidence provides little support
What is a "weak argument"?
This kind of deductive argument is the one that follows the necessary steps and laws in its conclusion
What is "valid argument"?
This kind of argument is represented in the following example: "If all squares have four sides, and figure X is a square, then figure X must have four sides. Since one side from figure X is 12 inches long, it follows that its area is 144 squared inches."
What is "Deduction by Mathematics"?
This criterion tries to judge bias based on the quality of the origin of the information presented.
What is "sources"?
Scientific thinking relies on this kind of reasoning.
What is "inductive reasoning"?
After observing several similar cases, this type of conclusion extends a pattern to a broader group, even though it is not guaranteed to be certain.
What is "generalization"?
This kind of deductive argument finds certainty by ruling out different possibilities until only one possibility remains
This kind of argument is represented in the following example: " The sun has risen in the east every morning that anyone can remember. Today is a new day, and based on this repeated pattern, it is likely that the sun will rise in the east again."
What is "Inductive argument by generalization"?
To determine if a report is biased, this criterion tries to determine if all the kinds of people are represented in the story.
What is "Lack of diversity"?
This crucial step in the scientific process consists in formulating possible explanations that would help us make sense of such phenomena
This kind of inductive argument is based on a comparison between two or more things or events.
What is "analogy"?
In this kind of deductive argument the conclusion is grounded in a crucial aspect or defining property of the term.
What is "argument from definition"?
This kind of argument is represented in the following example: "A prime number is a whole number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. The number 7 is greater than 1 and can only be divided evenly by 1 and 7. Therefore, 7 is a prime number."
What is "deduction by definition"?
The following statement shows this kind of bias in a report: "The corrupt senator shamelessly squandered taxpayer money while ordinary citizens struggle to make ends meet."
What is "Loaded language"?
This is a body of explanations or hypotheses that, in an attempt to gain legitimacy, masquerades as science.
What is "pseudoscience"?
This kind of inductive argument is based on showing one occurrence leading to another.
What is a "causal" argument?
What is "true premises"?
This kind of argument is represented in the following example "Just as a car needs regular oil changes to run smoothly, the human body requires proper nutrition to function well. If skipping oil changes can cause a car to break down, it is reasonable to conclude that neglecting proper nutrition could similarly harm the body."
What is "induction by analogy"?
The ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media messages in various forms, helping individuals distinguish between credible information and misinformation.
What is "media literacy"?
This assumption of scientific thinking considers that we can observe and study the physical world without any observer bias
What is "objectivity"?