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When Mary thinks about a guitar, she uses a mental representation of specific knowledge about that object. Mary is thinking about a
1. mental map.
2. schema.
3. stereotype.
4. concept.
4. concept.
When Valerie leaves her house, she experiences unwelcome thoughts that make her nervous, so she engages in repetitive behaviors that make her feel calmer so she can get into her car. Based on this, Valerie is most likely to be diagnosed with
1. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
2. generalized anxiety disorder.
3. social phobia.
4. panic attack.
1. obsessive-compulsive disorder
The gray wolves of the Northern Rocky Mountain region vomited after eating poisoned sheep meat. The wolves formed the association of feeling ill with preying on sheep. In this example, feeling ill is the
1. unconditioned response.
2. conditioned response.
3. unconditioned stimulus.
4. conditioned stimulus.
2. conditioned response.
Kumar is trying to remember the name of his psychology professor from last semester. To answer this question, Kumar must search for information in his
1. sensory storage.
2. short-term storage.
3. working memory.
4. long-term storage.
4. long-term storage.
Which type of memory holds information for only a few seconds unless actively maintained?
1. Short-term memory
2. Procedural memory
3. Flashbulb
4. Long-term memory
1. Short-term memory
Two-year-old Antonina’s parents notice that she rarely says any words and has never really made eye contact with them. She is intensely preoccupied with the buttons and zippers on clothing and pays little attention to anything else. Antonina
1. could be diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
2. will be at higher risk for a motor disorder.
3. will be at lower risk for intellectual disability.
4. could be diagnosed with autism.
4. could be diagnosed with autism.
o remember her nine-digit Social Security number, Alyssa uses her working memory to place the numbers into three groups. In addition, each group of three or four digits is easy to remember because it is meaningful. Alyssa’s strategy in remembering her Social Security number illustrates
1. the memory palace.
2. the power of chunking.
3. the mnemonic effect.
4. emotional salience.
2. the power of chunking.
Like all psychological theories, psychological treatments need to be validated by using
1. trial and error.
2. empirical research.
3. "fringe" therapies.
4. faith and tradition.
2. empirical research.
Achievement motivation refers to:
1. a goal-oriented leadership style that builds teamwork.
2. a desire for significant accomplishment.
3. a need to feel that the world is organized and predictable.
4. a focused state of consciousness accompanied by diminished self-awareness.
2. a desire for significant accomplishment.
Feelings of hunger accompany ________ levels of blood glucose and ________ levels of ghrelin.
1. low; low
2. high; high
3. low; high
4. high; low
3. low; high
Peter is a clinical psychologist. When determining whether a client’s behavior shows psychopathology, he should use all of the following criteria EXCEPT whether the
1. behavior is maladaptive.
2. client recognizes that he or she has a disorder.
3. behavior deviates from cultural norms.
4. person is experiencing distress.
2. client recognizes that he or she has a disorder.
Positive punishment causes a(n) ________ in behavior through the ________ of a stimulus.
1. increase; addition
2. decrease; removal
3. decrease; addition
4. increase; removal
3. decrease; addition
Taj wants to create a robot that has sensation but not perception. The robot should
1. react to light but not to the stimuli for taste, smell, or touch.
2. detect external physical energy but not interpret it.
3. understand what things are but be unable to respond to them.
4. construct useful information but be unable to remember it.
Jason is participating in a psychology experiment in which he is seated in a completely dark room. An initially undetected point of light is gradually made brighter. With each increase, he is asked if he can see the light. In this experiment, Jason’s ________ is being measured.
1. difference threshold
2. absolute threshold
3. just-noticeable difference
4. transduction
2. absolute threshold
Which type of memory is responsible for remembering how to ride a bike or tie your shoes?
1. Procedural memory
2. Semantic memory
3. Episodic memory
4. Working memory
1. Procedural memory
Dr. Leung gives all of her clients a questionnaire about sleeping and eating habits, daily activities, and emotional states. Based on this information, Dr. Leung can determine whether depressive symptoms are present. Dr. Leung is using ________ to assess psychopathology.
1. self-reports
2. DSM-5
3. psychological testing
4. observations
1. self-reports
Dr. Padgett meets a new client who has antisocial personality disorder. The client most likely has
1. a lack of empathy and remorse.
2. an inability to control his or her impulses.
3. feelings of inadequacy
4. detachment from social relationships.
1. a lack of empathy and remorse.
Jonathan is traveling to Italy, and his motto for his trip is “When in Rome, do as the Romans do!” This phrase suggests that Jonathan is most likely to learn how to behave in Rome based on
1. operant conditioning.
2. classical conditioning.
3. observational learning.
4. habituation.
3. observational learning
Pederson’s teacher blows a whistle when it is time for his class to come in from recess. Pederson is afraid of being left on the playground alone, so he starts to go inside any time he hears a sound like the teacher’s whistle, such as the school bell ringing. Pederson’s behavior is an example of
1. second-order conditioning.
2. stimulus discrimination.
3. spontaneous recovery.
4. stimulus generalization.
4. stimulus generalization.
If someone asks you to describe your first day of school, you would most likely retrieve a(n) ________ memory.
1. procedural
2. implicit
3. episodic
4. semantic
3. episodic
A man is skiing skillfully down a mountain. This man would most likely score high on bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, according to the ________ theory.
1. general intelligence
2. triarcic
3. emotional intelligence
4. multiple intelligences
4. multiple intelligences
Carrie recently quit her job, packed up her car, and drove to Las Vegas, where she gambled away her entire life savings in 24 hours. Based on this, Carrie may be experiencing
1. a manic episode.
2. depression.
3. obsessive-compulsive disorder.
4. a panic attack.
1. a manic episode.
Reinforcement that comes after a predetermined amount of time is called a
1. variable ratio.
2. fixed ratio.
3. fixed interval.
4. variable interval.
3. fixed interval.
Which of the following statements is true of intelligence, according to Charles Spearman?
1. Intelligence is made up of completely independent abilities that do not influence one another.
2. Those who score high in one area of intelligence typically score higher than average in other areas.
3. Intelligence is determined solely by environmental factors and has no genetic component.
4. General intelligence is a form of intelligence that helps people solve novel problems, not routine everyday problems.
2. Those who score high in one area of intelligence typically score higher than average in other areas.
Dr. Gomez believes that behavior is motivated by the desire to reduce internal tension caused by unmet biological needs that “push” us to behave in certain ways. Dr. Gomez's views are most consistent with ________ theories of motivation.
1. instinct
2. drive-reduction
3. incentive
4. arousal
2. drive-reduction