Present Perfect
What is the formula of the present perfect?
Has/Have + Past Participle
What is the formula of the past perfect?
Had + Past Participle
Name three modals of advice words.
Should, ought to, and had better.
Name two modals that expresses preference?
Would rather and would prefer.
What is the definition of a comparative and a superlative?
Comparatives compare two things. Superlatives compare more than two things or a larger group.
Change the base form of these verbs to the past participle:
Do, fly, see, read, understand, and drink.
Done, flown, read, understood, and drunk.
Give a definition of the past perfect.
The past perfect is when you have two past actions. One action is written in the simple past, and the other action is written in the past perfect.
Name five modals that express suggestions.
Could, might, might not.
Which type of modal expresses something you are not allowed to do?
Prohibition: must not and mustn't
What are the differences between a gerund and an infinitive?
Gerunds: End in the -ING form, and they function as nouns.
Infinitives: To + (base form of a verb)
Create a sentence using the present perfect. Use the verb "Have" in the past participle:
John/beard/six months.
John has had a beard for six months.
Change the base form of these verbs to the past participle:
Lose, pay, run, wake, stand, and sing.
Lost, paid, ran, woken, stood, and sung.
Use a modal of suggestion to ask a question. Give one example.
Could you ask him to help you?
*We do not use "might" when asking questions.
What is the difference between modals of necessity and prohibition? Give an example for each in a sentence.
Prohibition means you are not allowed to do something (prohibited).
Necessity means something you need or must do (obligation).
Prohibition: She must not open that door.
Necessity: I have to go to class today; I have got to go to class today; I must go to class today.
Write a WH-question and a short answer using the simple past tense.
Example:
Q: Did he work yesterday?
A: No, he did not.
Create two questions using "Have you ever...". Change the base form of the verb to the past participle:
Have you ever (Be)
Have you ever (Break)
Examples:
Have you ever been to California?
Have you ever broken your cell phone?
Name three time markers (time clauses) that are used in past perfect sentences.
By the time; When; Before; Yesterday; Last; Already; Just; Still; Yet; Ago.
Use modals of advice to create these sentences.
1. study/ before your final exams
2. get/ eight hours of sleep/ every night
Examples:
1. You had better study before your final exams.
2. She should get eight hours of sleep every night.
Create sentences using modals of prohibition and/or necessity the information below:
1. Smoke in school.
2. Go to the bank.
3. Complete my essay.
Examples:
1. I must not smoke in school.
2. I have to go to the bank.
3. I must complete my essay.
What is the difference between using "Will" and "Be Going To"?
"Will" is used for immediate decisions.
"Be Going To" is used to when describing things you hope to do or intend to do in the future.
Fix the sentence:
Have you ever be to Madison Square Garden to watch Beyonce in concert?
Yes, I haven't. In fact, I has hear her music since 18 years. Since she come on the music scene, she has win 22 Grammy Awards.
Have you ever been to Madison Square Garden?
Yes, I have / No, I haven't. In fact, I have heard her music for 18 years. Since she came on the music scene, she has won 22 Grammy Awards.
Name five irregular verbs that have the same base form, simple past, and past participle.
Read, cut, hit, put, bet, cost, let, set, and shut.
Use modals of advice to rewrite these sentences in the negative form:
1. Speak your native language in class.
2. Text your friends in class.
3. Daydream when you are supposed to be working in groups.
1. You should not speak your native language in class.
2. You had better not text your friends in class.
3. You had better not daydream when you are supposed to be working in groups.
*Ought to is rarely (almost never) used in negative sentences.
Fix the sentences:
My mother told me to save money. She said, "You ought to not spend your money on materialistic things." I know that I can save money, but my mother obligated me to go to the bank. She said, "You should deposit all of your money there."
"You must not/mustn't spend your money on materialistic things."
I know I have to save money.
"You must deposit all of your money there."
Why do we change adjectives "busy", "early", and "heavy" to "the busiest", "the earliest", and "the heaviest"?
Which grammar point is this?
This is superlative. Two-syllable adjectives that end with a -Y are changed to -IEST.