Anatomy & Dz
3 layers of the dental root, from outside to inside
Cementum
Dentin
Root Canal/Pulp Cavity
0-3 mm (dogs)
0-1 mm (cats)
2 examination instruments and usage
Periodontal probe - measuring
Dental explorer - exploring surfaces
Most common dental procedure on a horse
Floating
Veterinary Oral Health Council
Teeth that may be extracted if horse is to be ridden with bit
105, 205, 305 and/or 405
Goal of home care
Prevent periodontal disease by controlling plaque
Description of dog's first upper right decidious canine tooth (using modified Triadan system)
504
What are the 3 principles of ALARA?
"As Low As Reasonably Achievable"
Time, distance, shielding
3 tool options for removing gross, large scale calculus
Dental hoe/chisel
Dental claw
Calculus forceps
3 benefits of fluoride treatment
Desensitizes exposed dentin
Stimulates remineralization of enamel
Inhibits calculus formation
2 dangers of dental chews/treats
Calories
Choking/FB risk
Most common antibiotic for patients with severe, chronic periodontal disease (suspected osteomyelitis)
Clindamycin (Antirobe)
3 minimum pieces of PPE for dental
Gloves
Mask
GogglesPart of tooth that thickens with normal growth/age
Dentin
% of animals that will have significant findings on dental radiographs (despite clinically normal oral exams)
25% of dogs
40% of cats
Shape and function of dental scaler vs dental curette
SHAPE = scaler has triangular blade with sharp tip; curette has rounded, flat blade
Function = scaler supra-gingival ONLY; curette both supra- and sub-gingival use
Describe rule of 5 for ultrasonic scaling
Time - no more than 5 seconds/tooth
2 methods of plaque control and an example of each
Mechanical = dental diet, brushing
Chemical = oral rinse, enzymatic coating
Definition of root planing
Removal of calculus and cementum from root surface
Technique for holding dental instruments
Modified pen grasp
Pull towards you
Most common malignant oral tumor in both dogs and cats
Squamous cell carcinoma
Malocclusion with mandibular teeth distal to maxillary equivalents
Mandibular Distocclusion
MAL 2
"Parrot mouth"3 types of advanced/surgery instruments
Elevators
Retractors
Extraction forceps
Length of time spent on tooth with scaler vs polisher
Scaler - no longer than 5 seconds
Polisher - no longer than 3 seconds
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Start with healthy, pain-free mouth
Go slow
Tooth paste for animals
Daily (at least every 2-3 days)
Most appropriate procedures for tooth with pulp cavity exposure
Extraction
Pulp capping
Most common ultrasonic scaler in veterinary dentistry
Magnetostrictive
Most common dental condition seen in horses
What it causes
How to treat and prevent
Condition = malocculsion
Causes points, hooks --> ulcers
Treatment = Floating
Prevention = chew hay all day
Only radiographic view that can be made with a true parallel technique
Distal mandibular view
Maximum speed of low power hand piece when polishing teeth
300 rev/min
3 benefits of anesthesia use in dentals
Less stress, less pain, less risk
Full exam, radiographs, sub-gingivial cleaningDifference between plaque and calculus
Plaque = biofilm + bacteria - forms within 6-8 hours after brushing
Calculus = plaque + minerals - forms within 3-5 days
3 regional nerve blocks commonly used in cats
Infraorbital
Mental
Inferior alveolar
Most effective anti-plaque, anti-septic compound in veterinary dentistry
Chlorhexidine
Stage of periodontal disease = Numerous missing teeth, significant calculus, bleeding gums and ~60% bony loss
Stage 4
Bisecting angle principle states that plane of x-ray beam should be 90 degrees to ________
Imaginary line bisecting angle of long axis of tooth and film/sensor plate
Most appropriate film focal distance (FFD) for dental radiographs
15 mm
DAILY DOUBLE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
2. Pre-anesthesia/induction
3. Dental radiographs
4. Evaluate teeth and chart findings
5. Scale and debride
6. Polish
7. Subgingival irrigation
8. Anti-plaque sealants/fluoride treatments
9. +/- advanced treatments/surgeries
10. Recovery/pain management
11. Home care/discharge
12. Follow up/recheck
What is OraVet and how does it work
Applied after prophy then weekly at home
5 contraindications for regional nerve blocks
1. Obese or brachycephalic animals
2. Allergy/sensitivity to local anesthesia drugs
3. Inflammation or severe infection at site
4. Coagulopathy (clotting disorders)
5. Neoplasia at site
Difference between wolf teeth and canine teeth in horses
Wolf - male = female, < 30% horses, most common in maxilla
Canine - male >>> female, erupt at 4-5 years