Ionic and Covalent Compounds
What types of elements form ionic bonds? Covalent bonds?
Ionic: metal + nonmetal
Covalent: nonmetal + nonmetal
Balance the following equation:
Fe + O2 --> Fe2O3
4 Fe + 3 O2 --> 2 Fe2O3
How many particles are in a mole?
6.02 x 1023
4 Al + 3 O2 --> 2 Al2O3
Given the reaction above, how many moles of oxygen will you need to react with 3.55 moles of Al?
2.66 mol O2
What is the molarity of a solution containing 50. g of sodium chloride in 150 mL of water?
5.7 M
How and why do ionic bonds form? How and why do covalent bonds form?
Ionic: metal gives electrons to nonmetal so that both have 8 valence electrons. Metal becomes positively charged while nonmetal becomes negatively charged and opposite charges attract.
Covalent: Nonmetals share pairs of valence electrons so that both have a full octet.
Define each of the following types of reactions:
Synthesis, Combustion, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double Replacement
Synthesis: A + B --> AB
Combustion: CxHy + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
Decomposition: AB --> A + B
Single Replacement: A + BX --> AX + B
Double Replacement: AX + BY --> AY + BX
What is the percent composition of each element in LiOH?
29.0% Li, 66.8% O, 4.2% H
Mg(ClO3)2 --> MgCl2 + 3 O2
Given the reaction above, how many grams of magnesium chloride will be formed from the decomposition of 45 g of magnesium chlorate?
22 g MgCl2
What volume will be occupied by 6.8 moles of a gas at 925 torr and 35 C?
140 L
Give the name and Lewis structure for CF4.
Carbon tetrafluoride
Identify the type of reaction, predict the products, and balance the following:
C7H16 + O2 -->
Combustion
C7H16 + 11 O2 --> 7 CO2 + 8 H2O
How many formula units are in 15.0 g of Ca(NO3)2?
5.51 x 1022 formula units
2 Na(s) + Cl2(g) --> 2 NaCl(s)
If you react 10.0 g of sodium with 10.0 L of chlorine gas at STP, how many grams of sodium chloride can you form? What is the limiting reactant?
25.4 g NaCl formed. Na is the limiting reactant.
A 1.6 L balloon at 105 kPa and 25 C floats to the top of a mountain where the pressure is 13.2 psi and the volume decreases to 1.5 L. What is the temperature (in Celsius) on the top of the mountain?
- 31 C
Write formulas for the following:
Magnesium hydroxide
Iron (III) carbonate
Lithium perchlorate
Mg(OH)2
Fe2(CO3)3
LiClO4
Identify the type of reaction, predict the products, and balance the following:
Cr(OH)3 -->
Decomposition
2 Cr(OH)3 --> Cr2O3 + 3 H2O
What is the empirical formula of a substance that is 53.6% C, 5.39% H, 12.5% N, and 28.5% O?
What is the molecular formula if the molar mass is 224.2 g/mol?
Empirical: C5H6NO2
Molecular: C10H12N2O4
C6H14 + O2 -->
If 145 g of hexane reacts with 5.00 x 1024 oxygen molecules, how many grams of each product will be formed? What is the limiting reactant?
231 g CO2, 110. g H2O, oxygen is the limiting reactant
Pure heptane has a boiling point of 98 C and a Kb of 3.43.
What is the boiling point of a solution containing 478g of I2 dissolved in 625 g of heptane?
108.32 C
Name the following acids:
HI HClO H2CO3 H2SO3 HBrO4
hydroiodic acid, hypochlorous acid, carbonic acid, sulfurous acid, perbromic acid
Write the balanced molecular, complete ionic, and net ionic equations for the following:
NaBr + Pb(NO3)2 -->
2NaBr(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) -> 2NaNO3(aq)+ PbBr2(s)
2Na+ +2Br- +Pb2+ +2NO3- -> 2Na+ + 2NO3- + PbBr2
2Br- +Pb2+ -> PbBr2
A hydrate of magnesium sulfate has a mass of 13.52 g. The sample is heated until no water remains. The anhydrous magnesium sulfate has a mass of 6.60 g. Find the formula and name of the hydrate.
MgSO4 7H2O
magnesium sulfate heptahydrate
Li + Mg(OH)2 -->
If 25 g of lithium and 100. g of magnesium hydroxide react, how much of the excess reactant will be leftover when the reaction ends?
1.2 g Li leftover
Na2CO3 -->
How many liters of gas at 785 mmHg and 28 C are formed from the decomposition of 13.5 g sodium carbonate? Identify the gas.
3.06 L CO2