Biology is Chemistry
How many valence electrons does any given atom need to be stable?
a) 6
b) 2
c) 10
d) 8
d) 8.
Which of the following features do prokaryotes and eukaryotes have in common?
A) Mitochondria, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
B) Ribosomes, nucleus, plasma membrane
C) Ribosomes, Plasma Membrane, cytoplasm
D) Nucleus, plasma membrane, ribosomes
E) Mitochondria, ribosomes, cytoplasm
C) Ribosomes, Plasma Membrane, cytoplasm
This lipid is solid at room temperature.
Saturated Fatty Acid.
Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule?
A) The citric acid cycle
B) The electron transport chain
C) Glycolysis
D) Reduction of pyruvate to lactate
C) Glycolysis
When an enzyme and substrate come together, they form the ________ complex.
Enzyme-substrate complex.
The total number of protons in an uncharged atom:
A) Determines its mass number.
B) Equals the number of neutrons.
C) Equals the number of electrons.
D) Varies with different isotopes.
C) Equals the number of electrons.
When polar molecules and ions diffuse passively across the cell membrane with the help of transport proteins.
A) Simple diffusion
B) Facilitated diffusion
C) Proton pump
D) Osmosis
Facilitated diffusion.
Carbohydrates can function in which of the following ways?
A) Information Storage
B) Energy Storage
C) Structural Support
D) Enzymatic Catalysis
E) Structural Support and Energy Storage
E) Structural Support and Energy Storage
The number of NAD+ at the end of cellular respiration.
a) 6
b) 3
c) 10
d) 4
c) 10.
Fill in the blanks with the most appropriate answer: “Oil is _______________ than water as well as ________________, with evidence being that oil sits on top of water as well as separates from water."
A.Cooler; polar
B.Less dense; nonpolar
C.Cohesive; polar
D. More dense; polar
B. Less dense; nonpolar
When the pH of a solutions shifts from 7 to 3, how has the hydrogen ion concentration changed?
a) It has not changed.
b) It has decreased by 4 times.
c) It has decreased by 10,000 times.
d) It has increased by 10,000 times.
e) It has increased by 4 times.
d) It has increased by 10,000 times.
A diploid organism whose somatic cells each contain 32 chromosomes produces gametes containing _____ chromosomes.
a) 18
b) 64
c) 16
d) 32
c) 16.
In a nucleotide, the phosphate group is attached to which carbon of the pentose sugar?
a) 1'
b) 4'
c) 3'
d) 5'
d) 5'
The codons AAA, CCC, GGG, and UUU specify the amino acids lysine, proline, glycine, and phenylalanine, respectively. If the base sequence 5′-CCCAAATTTGGG-3′ is present in the coding strand of a stretch of DNA, what polypeptide sequence would be encoded by the corresponding template strand?
A. pro-lys-phe-gly
B.phe-gly-pro-lys
C.lys-pro-gly-phe
D.gly-phe-lys-pro
A. pro-lys-phe-gly
Which step of the aerobic cellular respiration process involves an output of 2 Acetyl Coenzyme A?
A) Glycolysis
B) Pyruvate Oxidation
C) Citric Acid Cycle
D) Oxidative Phosphorylation
B) Pyruvate Oxidation
Name the types of reactions and metabolisms a) build macromolecules and b) break macromolecules apart.
Build: Dehydration reaction, anabolism, endergonic
Break: Hydrolysis, catabolism, exergonic
This organelle hydrolyzes macromolecules.
lysosomes
Name the macromolecules that include a phosphate group in their structure.
Lipids (specifically: Phospholipids)
Nucleic Acids
What phase of meiosis is this?
Breakdown of proteins that are responsible for sister chromatid cohesion along chromatid arms allows homologous chromosomes to separate.
The homologous chromosomes move toward opposite poles, guided by the spindle apparatus.
Sister chromatid cohesion persists at the centromere, causing chromatids to move as a unit toward the same pole.
Anaphase I
If the template strand of DNA has the following sequence of nucleotides: AAGCGT, the sequence of nucleotides in the mRNA will be _____.
A) TTCGCA
B) TTCGCU
C) UUCGCA
D) UUCGCU
C) UUCGCA
How can the freezing of water crack boulders?
As water freezes, it expands because water molecules move farther apart in forming ice crystals. When there is water in the crevice of a boulder, expansion due to freezing may crack the boulder.
Describe the function and process of the sodium-potassium pump.
Sodium-Potassium pump: acts to transport potassium and sodium ions in and out of the cell -- 3 sodium ions out for every 2 potassium ions brought in; each against their concentration gradient (pump = active transport).
When a protein is denatured, why does it lose its functionality?
A) Denaturation destroys the primary structure of the protein, and the protein breaks down to monomers.
B) Different amino acids are substituted into the sequence, so the protein's properties change.
C) Denaturation breaks the weak bonds, such as hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals interactions, that hold the protein in its three-dimensional shape. Without the proper shape, the protein cannot function.
D) Denaturation breaks the covalent bonds that hold the protein in its three-dimensional shape. Without the proper shape, the protein cannot function.
E) The protein's pH changes, causing it to lose its functionality.
C) Denaturation breaks the weak bonds, such as hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals interactions, that hold the protein in its three-dimensional shape. Without the proper shape, the protein cannot function.
Name the main enzymes involved in DNA replication and their roles.
Helicase: Unzips/untwists DNA strand
Topoisomerase: Prevents DNA strands from overwinding
DNA polymerase (in general): Adds nucleotides on the 3' end of each nucleotide. Acts as a proofreader to prevent mutations.
Primase: Brings an RNA primer to the area where replication starts and fills in the gaps when DNA Polymerase cannot continue (on lagging strand).
DNA ligase: Glues or seals together the new nucleotides to form a continuous strand.
Which of the following statements about enzyme function is correct?
A) Enzymes can lower the activation energy of reactions, but they cannot change the equilibrium point because they cannot change the net energy output.
B) Enzymes can greatly speed up reactions, but they cannot change the activation energy because they cannot change the net energy output.
C) Enzymes can change the equilibrium point of reactions, but they cannot speed up reactions because they cannot change the net energy output.
D) Enzymes can greatly speed up reactions, but they cannot change the net energy output because they cannot change the activation energy.
E) None of the listed responses is correct.
A) Enzymes can lower the activation energy of reactions, but they cannot change the equilibrium point because they cannot change the net energy output.