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minimal pairs, classifying consonants
vowel characteristics, allophonic rules
phonological processes, vowel allophones
Assimilation, suprasegmentals
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100

Ex. Which of the following words begin with /h/. You may need to check more than one item.

  1. Hour

  2. Hire

  3. Who

  4. Where

  5. Honor

  6. Hue 

  1. Hire

  2. Who

  3. Hue

100

Select all the words that contain a back vowel.  

  1. Due-

  2. Fall

  3. Wooden

  4. Chip 

  5. Plaid

6. Turn

  1. Due- /u/ 

  2. Fall /ɑ/ 

3. Wooden- /ʊ/

100

If a child says 'potato' as [deɪdoʊ], what process is exhibited?


Syllable deletion. pə-deidou- weak syllable is pə therefore it's deleted.

100

Look at the words and the transcriptions of how someone said them. Choose the one best example of epenthesis.- insertion of a phoneme between two other phonemes.

  1. clock = /klɑŋk/ 

  2.   script = /skrɪpt/ 

  3.   crashed = /kræʃt/

  4.   mumps = /mʌmfs/ 

  5. polite = /pəlaɪt/   

  6. wash = /wɑʧ/ 

  7. task= /tæks/ 

  8. yellow = /jɛldoʊ/

  9. strength = /strɛŋkθ/ 

  10. fence = /fɛnts/  

 

  1. yellow = /jɛldoʊ/ -/d/ is added unnecessarily

  2. strength = /strɛŋkθ/ -  /k/ is added

  3. fence = /fɛnts/ - /t/ is added. 

  4. clock = /klɑŋk/ - ŋ is added

100

If someone asks "When did John go to the store?" Which word would normally receive the focus in the answer "John went to the store yesterday."?

yesterday

200

Ex. Which of the following words ends with /t/. You may need to check more than one item.

  1. Eighth

  2. Kite

  3. Liked

  4. Loved

  5. Path

  6. Which

2. kite

3. liked

200

Ex 3. Which of the following contains a lax vowel in its transcription? You may need to choose more than one answer.

  1. Grieve-

  2. Laugh-

  3. Forfeit- 

  4. Ballet- 

  5. Burn- 

Chew - 

  • Laugh- /æ/ lax

  • Forfeit- /ɪ/ lax

  • Ballet-  /æ/ lax

200

  • What processes affect the following word? 'cherry' [dewi] (Check all that apply)

  1. Prevocalic voicing

  2. Gliding

  3. Stopping

  4. Cluster reduction

  • Prevocalic voicing

  • Gliding

  • Stopping


why?- 

  • Ch changes to d= stopping

  • /r/ changed to /w/= gliding

  • Ch is also voiceless and it has been changed to /d/ which is voiced = pre-volic voicing. 


200

. Mark all of the words in which the speaker's production was an example of metathesis.- transposition of sounds

  1.   asks = /æks/ 

  2.   felt = /flɛt/ 

  3.   obelisk = /ɑbəlɪks/

  4.   enemy = /ɛnəmi/ 

  5.   spaghetti = /pəsgɛti/ 

  6.   grave = /greɪb/ 

  1. felt = /flɛt/ - /l/ and /ɛ/ are switched

  2.   obelisk = /ɑbəlɪks/- /s/ and /k/ are switched

  3. spaghetti = /pəsgɛti/ - /s/ is after the /p/

200

. Identify all of the words that could be transcribed accurately with a schwa in Standard American English. You may need to choose more than one answer.

  1. Ridiculous

  2. Graduate v. 

  3. Graduate n. 

  4. Punchbowl

  5. Backstreet

  6. Alarming

  7. Tacky

  8. Callous

  9. Sewage

  10. Panoply

  11. paradise

Ridiculous

Graduate n. 

Alarming

Callous

Sewage

Panoply

paradise

300

which of the following is a minimal pair of "chore" pick more than one answer. Transcribe the correct answers to show your understanding

  1. Choir-

  2. Char- 

  3. Chord- 

  4. Corps- 

  5. Chair- 

6. Core -  

Chore- / ʧɔr/

Char- /ʧɑr/

Corps- /kɔr/

Chair- /ʧɛr/ 

Core -  /kɔr/  

300

Ex. Which of the following are examples of words that would undergo the rule stating that /t/ is replaced by a glottal stop when it occurs before an alveolar nasal in the same word?

  1. Nothing

  2. Kitten

  3. Sudden

  4. Fatten

  5. Satin

  6. Atom 

- kitten

-fatten

-satin

300

Which transcriptions could be examples of deaffrication? Mark all that apply

  •   measure =  /mɛzɚ/

  •   catch = /kæʃ/ 

  •   Roger = /ɹɑʒɚ/ 

  - sheep = /sip/ 

  •   catch = /kæʃ/ 

  •   Roger = /ɹɑʒɚ/ 

300

. Mark all of the words in which the speaker's production was an example of elision.

  1.   paths = /pæs/ 

  2.   walk = /wɑk/ 

  3.   crumb = /krʌm/ 

  4.   sands = /sænz/ 

  5.   tennis = /tɛnɪs/ 

  6.   bird = /brɪd/

  paths = /pæs/ - /th/ is deleted in production

sands = /sænz/ - /d/ is deleted in production

300

"He's from West L.A." if the word "West" receives focus, which statement below would best indicate the meaning? 

- He’s not from east LA

- He moved to Texas

- He's from California

- He's not from east LA

400

Ex. Which of the following features at least one oral stop?

  • What are stops?

  1. Thomas

  2. Wafer

  3. Sugar

  4. Chef

  5. Phlegm

  6. Chemistry

  7. Universe

  8. Breathe

  9. Judge 

- thomas

- sugar

-chemistry

-breathe

400

Which of the following are examples of words that would undergo the rule described in the statement  "approximants are partially voiceless when they occur after initial voiceless stops"? Choose all that apply.

  1. Thailand

  2. Fjord

  3. Music

  4. Pew

  5. Putter

  6. Twin

  7. Clown

  8. Chrome

  9. Green 

  10. Quota

*Approximants are /l,w,r,j/, voiceless stops are /p,t,k/

- Pew- /pju/

- Twin-/tw/

- Clown- /kl/

- Chrome- /kr/

-Quota- /qw/ 

400

Which transcriptions could be examples of labial assimilation? Mark all that apply.

  •   pig = /bɪɡ/ 

  •   drink = /bɹɪŋk/

  •   money = /mʌmi/ 

   - cave = /peɪv/

  •  money = /mʌmi/ 

   cave = /peɪv/- /k/ changes to /p/

400

3. Mark all of the words in which the speaker's production was an example of progressive assimilation.

  1. have her = /hævɚ/

  2.   In California = /ɪŋkæləfɔɚnjə/ 

  3.   ribbon = /rɪbəm/ 

  4.   caveman = /keɪbmæn/ 

  5.   squirrel = /skɝl/ 

  6.   washed = /wɑʃt/

progression- left to right

1.   ribbon = /rɪbəm/ - /b/ affects the /m/

2.   washed = /wɑʃt/ - the /ʃ/ is voiceless and affects the /t/

400

  • Which of the following is characteristic of Southern American English?

  1.   derhotacization 

  2.   vowel merger 

  3.   tensing of vowels 

  4.   laxing of vowels

  5.   vowel lowering 

  6.   all of the above 

- all of the above

500

Ex. Which consonant pair(s) differs only in terms of manner? You may need to choose more than one answer.

  1.  /s,z/ 

  2. /m,ŋ/ 

  3.  /p,b/ 

  4.  /ʧ,ʤ/

  5. /d,l/

  6. /t,s/ 


  1. /d,l/- same place, same voicing, different manner

  2. /t,s/ - same place, same voicing, different manner

500

Which of the following are examples of words that would undergo the rule stating that " categorically voiced stops and affricates are voiceless when in syllable initial position, except when preceded by a voiced sound?" Choose all that apply.

  1. Splashdown

  2. Rubdown-

  3. Church- 

  4. Bellyache-

  5. Jelly-

6. Doorknob 

Splashdown- splash down- /d/ is in syllable position and it precedes a voiceless sound- therefore its voiceless. 

Bellyache- belly ache- /b/ is in syllable initial, voiceless

Jelly- /ʤ/ is syllable initial, voiceless

Doorknob - /d/ is syllable initial, voiceless. 

what about rub down?- Rubdown- rub down- /d/ is in syllable initial, proceeds a voiced /b/, its voiced.

500

Identify all of the words which would have a reduced vowel in General American English.

  1. Secret

  2. Chairman

  3. Collapse

  4. Pinecone

  5. Nominal

  6. Secretion

  7. Totally

  8. Triad

  9. Committee

  10. Maintain

  1. Secret

  2. Chairman

  3. Collapse

  4. Nominal

  5. Secretion

  6. Totally

  7. Committee


500

5. Mark all of the words in which the speaker's production was an example of regressive assimilation. Right to Left

  1.  yellow = /jɛjoʊ/ 

  2.   baker = /beɪpɚ/ 

  3.   can go = /kəŋgoʊ/ 

  4.   risked = /rɪst/ 

  5.   put my = /pʊpmaɪ/ 

  6.   rhythm = /rɪðəm/ 

-   can go = /kəŋgoʊ/ - /g/ affects the /ŋ/- Right to left

  - put my = /pʊpmaɪ/ - /m/ affects /p/- R to L

500

  • Which of the following English phonemes does not typically occur in Spanish (except perhaps as an allophone)?

  1.   /ŋ/

  2.   /s/ 

  3.   /k/ 

  4.   /d/ 

  5.   /w/ 

  /ŋ/