Unit 1
What is the meaning of the word "arduous"?
Extremely difficult to achieve.
Synonym: Hard
What is the meaning of "counterintuitive"?
Different from what is expected.
Synonym: unexpected
What is the definition of "succinct"?
Expressed without unnecessary words.
Synonym: Brief
What is the definition of "candor"?
Honesty.
Synonym: Bluntness
What is the definition of "misnomer"?
An incorrect term used to describe or designate something.
Synonym: Mistake
What is the difference between explicit and implicit meanings?
Explicit meanings are directly stated in the text while implicit meanings are implied, meaning they are not directly stated.
What does figurative language and nuance help do?
Figurative language and nuance help the reader clarify and deeper understand the text and determine the authors perspective.
Define the rhetorical triangle.
Top of the pyramid- Message (Is the argument logical and clear?)
Left and right side of the pyramid- Writer/Speaker (Does the author establish credibility and trust?) and Audience (Is the audience engaged emotionally?)
State a topic and state a theme based off of that topic.
Example:
Topic - Respect
Theme - Respect is earned.
Describe the Toulmin Model of Argument.
Claim- A main controversial statement that will be proved through an argument.
Reasons- The justifications an author uses to support their claim.
Evidence- Factual or specific data that supports a claim and reasons.
Rebuttal- A counter-argument that disproves the counterclaims.
Warrant- Assumption about societal values that makes the argument persuasive.
An objective summary is a brief summary that includes the texts central ideas and does not include any personal opinions.
Prior to writing an objective summary you must consider the task, purpose, and audience.
When paraphrasing, you put the information from the text into your own words and what you write should be close to the same length of the original text. On the other hand when summarizing, what you write should be shorter than the original text as you are condensing the texts information into main points.
What should be included in the introduction of an essay?
1. The hook
2. Context and background about the topic
3. The importance of the main idea
4. Thesis statement
What can be a hook?
Anecdote, quotation, question, fact, or a description.
What should you look for when editing a text?
Correct punctuation, grammar, spelling, and word choice.
Analyze an argument and find a piece of evidence that is relevant, sufficient, and valid.
Example argument: social media positively impacts mental health.
Acceptable pieces of evidence includes all:
Relevant- Is the evidence directly related to the claim?
Sufficient- Is there enough evidence to support the claim?
Valid- Is the evidence reliable or does it support what it is set to measure?
State a domain-specific vocabulary term for nutrition.
Calories, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, fats, etc.
Find a passage that uses a problem-and-solution or cause-and-effect organizational structure.
Problem-and-solution structure- This structure identifies a problem then provides a solution(s) to that problem.
Cause-and-effect structure- This structure analyzes a situation and describes the result from that event.
Write a sentence for each of the following rhetorical devices; ethos, pathos, and logos.
Ethos- persuades the audience by using credibility and trust.
Pathos- persuades the audience by appealing to their emotions.
Logos- persuades the audience by appealing to their logic and reasoning.
Questions that should be answered when discovering an author purpose:
- Who is the author?
- What is the authors tone?
- Who is the audience?
Apply your knowledge of style, tone, and word choice. Write a short paragraph in a neutral, formal tone.
Correct if the text includes no opinions, is professional and may be an informational text.
Find an unbiased source and cite it in MLA format.
MLA format: Author Last Name, First Name. “Title of Work.” Title of Site, Sponsor or Publisher, Date of Publication or Update Date, URL. Accessed Date.
Find a graphic aid that supports the claim that global warming is occurring.
Graphic aids include: charts, graphs, tables, images, maps, timelines, and diagrams.
Write a counterclaim sentence and use counterclaim transition words.
Counterclaim transition words: on the other hand, however, in contrast, some individuals believe, etc.
Write a thesis statement regarding the topic of global warming for an introduction then summarize your thesis statement for a conclusion paragraph.
To revise the thesis statement for the conclusion, words such as; therefore, indeed, as has been shown etc.