Macronutrients
This % value range represents the AMDR for carbohydrates.
What is 45-65%?
This antioxidant is found commonly in citrus and vegetables, with a deficiency called scurvy.
What is Vitamin C?
When blood glucose is elevated, the pancreas releases this hormone, stimulating glucose transporting to cells and the conversion into glycogen.
What is insulin?
This disease is more common than a heart attack or a stroke and is characterized by excessive loss of bone mass over time, commonly resulting in fractures.
What is osteoporosis?
The aerobic energy system is responsible for maximum energy production, producing this much ATP.
What is 32 ATP?
Of the 20 amino acids, this many are essential (MUST be obtained from food).
What is 9?
This mineral is the most abundant in the body, with only about 1% in blood and cells.
What is calcium?
In this organ, carbohydrates pause the digestion process due to the acidic environment.
What is the stomach?
This autoimmune disorder affects about 1% of Americans, characterized by abnormal immune reactions of small intestine cells to a protein called gluten, often found in grains.
What is celiac disease?
This type of genetic modification is faster and more precise than traditional methods - it is responsible for the creation of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
What is genetic engineering (GE)?
Starches, fibers, and glycogen are all categorized under this branch of carbohydrates.
What are complex carbohydrates?
This form of vitamin A is only found in animal-derived foods, such as liver, fish, eggs, and dairy products.
What is retinol?
This lipoprotein is responsible for removing cholesterol from cells and in turn, its excretion.
What is HDL (high-density lipoprotein)?
This eating disorder has the highest mortality rate, causing malnutrition-related complications and organ dysfunction.
What is anorexia nervosa?
This high-energy compound can be used to re-form ATP, typically for bursts of physical activity.
What is phosphocreatine?
This lipid structure is the primary lipid found in food and the body, characterized by 3 fatty acids attached to a glycerol backbone.
What are triglycerides?
This type of iron is found in plant-based foods and is less bioavailable than the other type.
What is non-heme iron?
This component of mechanical digestion occurs in the esophagus and stomach and propels food through the GI tract through circular waves of muscle contraction.
What is peristalsis?
What is rickets?
In anaerobic metabolism, glucose is broken down into this 3-carbon compound, which is later transformed into lactic acid to stimulate enzymes in the muscles.
What is pyruvic acid?
The first of three steps of protein synthesis copies DNA into mRNA that can be read by the ribosome.
What is transcription?
This niacin deficiency is characterized by the "4 D's": diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, and death.
What is pellagra?
During protein digestion, gastrin, a hormone in the stomach, stimulates the release of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and this enzyme, breaking down proteins into shorter polypeptide chains.
What is pepsin?
This genetic disorder affects red blood cells and causes the abnormal shape of hemoglobin protein, resulting in a concave shape of the cells and poor oxygen transport.
What is sickle cell anemia?
This term represents the amount of oxygen one's body uses per minute.
What is V02 maximum oxygen uptake?