EXAM 1
What white blood cell is considered the "first responder" to an infection?
Neutrophils
In Sickle Cell disease blood cells appear as what shape?
Crescent shaped blood vessels
LAB VALUES: pH 7.56, Co2 20, HCO3 24
Respiratory alkalosis
What is a cerebral hematoma?
Bleeding on the brain
What part of the heart delivers unoxygenated blood to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
The replacement of one cell type by another cell type is called?
Metaplasia
(EX: GERD causes the lower esophageal cells to change to stomach-like cells due to the rritation of the stomach acid)
Where are the most lumps found in breast cancer?
Upper outer lobe (axillary)
What is the irreversible side effect of an asthma attack?
REMODELING
What does the term hyperopia mean?
Farsightedness
What side of the heart is the biscuspid valve located on?
Left side
A prolonged increase in Cortisol levels due to stress can result in?
Immunosuppression due to Cortisol secretion diminishing the activity of WBC
What type of cell is present in Hodgkin's lymphoma?
Reed-Sternberg cells
What is the name of the reflex that controls voiding?
Micturition reflex
A patient has a progressive loss of motor function but their cognitive processing and sensation abilities are still in tact, what disorder does this patient have?
ALS
What part of the heart delivers richly oxygenated blood to the body?
Aorta
What are the 3 main stages of an acute inflammatory reaction?
Vascular permeability
Cellular chemotaxis
Systemic responses
Which vitamin is needed for DNA synthesis?
B12
LAB VALUES: pH 7.20, CO2 49, HCO3 25
Respiratory acidosis
What is Cushing's triad?
Hypertension, slow heart rate, and abnormal respiratory pattern
Which part of the heart delivers oxygenated blood to the heart?
The pulmonary vein
What is the difference between dry and wet gangrene?
Dry - lack arterial tissue; blood coagulates (a decrease in blood going to the area)
Wet - lack of venous tissue; tissue liquifies (a decrease in blood going from the area)
What is erythropoiesis?
Series of steps in the bone marrow that leads to the synthesis of mature RBC
A patient is having a difficult time breathing, you notice they have a barrel chest, they are purse lip breathing, thin and very anxious.
What do they have?
Emphysema
**PINK PUFFER**
A patient doesn't have function on their spinal cord between C1 and C3 what symptoms or what parts of their body will be affected?
Need a respirator to breathe
Loss of bowel and bladder control
Unable to move arms and legs
What is the blood flow pathway through the heart?
Inferior/Superior Vena Cava -> Right Atrium -> Tricuspid Valve -> Right Ventricle -> Pulmonary Valve -> Pulmonary Artery -> (lungs) Pulmonary Veins -> Left Atrium -> Mitral Valve -> Left Ventricle -> Aortic Valve -> Aorta -> Tissues of the body