Albert Bandura
Where is he from?
Mundare, Alberta, Canada
B.F. Skinner was an American psychologist best known for his work in ___________ and the development of the theory of __________ conditioning.
What was the turning point of Robert Cole's life where it motivated him to develop the theory?
The story of Ruby Bridges
Lawrence Kohlberg's theory on moral reasoning was expanded from whom?
Jean Piaget
TRUE or FALSE: The core idea of Gesell's Maturational Theory is that human development follows a predetermined, biological timetable, with specific patterns of growth and behavior emerging at certain ages as a result of genetic maturation, rather than being shaped primarily by the environment.
True
What is his theory that made a great contribution and impact to education and child development?
Social Learning Theory
According to Skinner's theory, what shapes behavior?
reinforcement and punishment
_____________ refers to the process by which individuals determine what is right or wrong, often influenced by various psychological, social, and cultural factors. It encompasses the cognitive processes involved in making ethical decisions and judgments
Moral reasoning
What are the three levels of moral reasoning in Kohlberg’s theory?
________ is a key concept in Gesell’s theory, referring to the idea that children are only capable of performing certain behaviors or tasks when they have reached a certain level of biological maturation. For example, a child may not be able to walk until their muscles and motor skills are developed enough to support walking, regardless of environmental stimuli.
Readiness
What is the name of the experiment where children observe how adults treat a certain variable/item?
Bobo doll experiment
What are the four types of operant conditioning consequences identified by Skinner?
What are the things Cole believes to be the essential tools for developing moral understanding
stories and narratives
Obedience and Punishment Orientation (avoiding punishment) is the third stage of Kohlberg's theory.
______________ is the concept that development progresses from the head downward (from head to feet)
Cephalocaudal development
The experiment supported Bandura’s idea that behavior is learned through ___________ and _________.
observation and imitation
Skinner's theory was initially developed by conducting an experiment on....
rats and pigeons
TRUE or FALSE: Coles believed moral reasoning is more context-dependent and influenced by personal experiences, rather than just abstract reasoning about justice and fairness.
True
What is the main focus of the Preconventional Level in Kohlberg’s moral development theory?
self-interest and avoiding punishment. Individuals at this level make moral decisions based on the direct consequences of their actions, such as avoiding punishment (Stage 1) or seeking rewards through reciprocal exchange (Stage 2).
This is the bodily growth from the center of the body to its end.
Proximodistal
What are the four key processes of observational learning in Bandura’s Social Learning Theory?
_______________ involves adding a pleasant stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior being repeated. For example, giving a student praise or a reward when they complete their homework encourages them to do it again.
Positive reinforcement
How did Robert Coles explore the concept of moral dilemmas in his research?
Robert Coles explored moral dilemmas by studying real-life situations in which children and adults are faced with ethical choices.
What level would a person be if their moral reasoning is based on conforming to societal norms and fulfilling social roles, such as maintaining law and order (Stage 4) and seeking approval from others (Stage 3)?
Conventional level
This is a temporary dominance of one side of the body over the other during childhood development.
Functional asymmetry