Chapter 10
This term refers to a child’s ability to use language to think about language itself.
What is metalinguistic awareness?
This term describes the ability to maintain both the first and second language fluently.
What is bilingualism?
_____ is systematic, rule-governed spelling that is created by developing writers.
What is invented spelling?
_____ are all possible reasons that some people are better at learning a new language than others.
What is/are language learning aptitude, motivation, and/or other factors (ex. literacy skills)?
True or False: Most child language researchers view L1 and early L2 acquisition as very similar.
What is true?
Name genre(s) of writing.
What is/are expressive writing, expository writing, and/or narrative writing?
This term refers to mixing elements of two languages within the same conversation or sentence.
What is code-switching or code-mixing?
This is an educational initiative created by U.S. policymakers and educators from across the nation and currently implemented in multiple states.
What are common core state standards?
This term refers to a learner's ability to recognize patterns in the L2, measured by providing the learner with a word underlined in a sentence and then asking the learner to identify a word in a second sentence which serves the same purpose as the original underlined word.
What is Grammatical Sensitivity?
_____ is/are disadvantages of bilingualism.
What is/are smaller vocabulary and/or slower lexical access?
This type of instruction uses pictures, gestures, and simplified speech to support language learners.
What is scaffolded instruction?
The L2 is added to the L1, with L1 continuing to grow as the L2 develops.
What is additive bilingualism?
This is the ability to decode and understand written text.
What is reading comprehension?
_____ are the best conditions for acquiring two languages.
What is/are strong home literacy support, high-quality input, ample opportunities for peer interaction, foreign-language immersion educational programs and/or other environmental factors?
Understanding the social rules for language use, such as turn-taking and staying on topic, is part of this aspect of communication.
What is pragmatics?
Name type(s) of metalinguistic knowledge.
What is/are phonological awareness, semantic awareness, syntactic awareness and/or pragmatic awareness?
_________ __________ are contrasted to sequential bilinguals.
What are simultaneous bilinguals?
_____ are word games that are dependent on phonological, morphological, lexical, or syntactic ambiguity.
What are riddles?
When L1 is overtaken by the L2 and gradually diminishes or even disappears from the speaker's repertoire.
What is subtractive bilingualism?
Skilled readers rely on this type of contextual strategy to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words.
What is using context clues?
This a form of language identified as precise and sophisticated language linked to reading and writing success emphasized in schools.
What is academic language?
This phenomenon occurs when bilingual speakers produce language forms influenced by their first language while speaking their second language.
What is language transfer?
These are components of skilled reading.
What is/are detection of visual features of letters leading to letter recognition, knowledge of the grapheme - phoneme correspondence rules, word recognition, semantic knowledge, and/or comprehensive interpretation?
This hypothesis proposes that a bilingual's L1 and L2 appear as the tips of two icebergs but share a "hidden" common underlying proficiency.
What is interdependence hypothesis?
____ is/are considered advantages of bilingualism.
What is/are increased metalinguistic awareness, increases in executive functioning, delayed onset of dementia, improved ability to learn new and novel words and/or better developed theory of mind?