Disease & Epidemiology
______ is the number of new cases of a disease in a specific period of time.
What is Incidence?
The ability to cause a disease.
What is Pathogenicity?
Chemical messengers that regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response.
What are Cytokines?
Adaptive Immunity depends on these two characteristics.
What is Specificity and Memory?
Mucociliary Escalator
What is the Respiratory System?
A disease acquired by many people in a given geographic region in a short time.
What is an epidemic disease?
Stage of pathogenesis that involves attachment to the host cell.
What is Adhesion?
_______ chemical mediators are produced by microbes that are part of the microbiome.
What are Exogenous Chemical Mediators?
Part of the Adaptive Immune System that targets extracellular pathogens via antibodies.
What is Humoral Immunity?
Lactobacilli and Lactic Acid
What is the Urogential System?
A disease acquired from hospital settings.
What is a nosocomial disease?
Toxin released when the cell dies, causing a systemic inflammatory response.
What is an Endotoxin (Lipid A)?
In inflammation, increased permeability of blood vessels causes ________.
What is Edema (Swelling)?
This type of glycoprotein that is used to display antigens is found only on APCs.
What is MHC II?
Peyer's Patches
What is the Digestive System?
To determine the etiologic agent of a disease, you need to fulfill the criteria from the ______________.
What are the Koch's Postulates?
Simultaneous infection of a cell by different strains of a virus results in the mixing of genes. Can lead to pandemics.
What is Antigenic Shift?
Destroys extracellular bacteria by releasing toxic molecules. The first one on the scene of infection.
What are Neutrophils?
The main target of activated Cytotoxic T Cells (Killer Cells) are ________.
What are Intracellular Pathogens?
Leukocyte Facilitated Mechanism
What is the Nervous System?
In which period of disease are the symptoms too general for diagnosis?
Name a structure that can be used to evade phagocytosis.
Proteases, Capsules, Biofilms, M protein, Opa protein, or Mycolic Acid
Name an outcome of complement activation.
Cytolysis, Inflammation, Chemotaxis, and Opsonization
Name an outcome of antigen-antibody.
Agglutination, Opsonization, ADCC, Neutralization, and Activation of the Complement System.
Mucin is responsible for holding a film to this specific structure.
What are the Eyes?