pH, Buffers & misc.
What is the function of lipoproteins in the body?
Transport Cholesterol
How do the standard amino acids differ from one another?
in the identity of the R group (side chain)
Biological membranes consist mainly of _____
Lipids and proteins
In which part of the cell does the Krebs cycle take place?
Mitochondria (matrix)
What characteristic defines a process as aerobic?
Oxygen
If a solution is buffered at a pH of 9.5, then the addition of a small amount of acid will cause the solution to have a pH of approximately
a. 7.5//b. 8.5//c. 9.5//d. 10.5
9.5
What type of bond is formed when the amino group of an amino acid reacts with the carboxyl group of a different amino acid?
Peptide Bond
Where does the substrate attach to the enzyme?
Active site
How many ATP are produced from the full oxidation of one glucose?
32
Which type of phosphate compound involved in metabolism has the highest energy when the phospho group is release?
ATP
Cholesterol
What part is the beginning of a polypeptide?
N-terminus
Which type of lipid is most commonly found in cell membranes?
Phospholipids
In the electron transport chain, which protein complex uses the energy from electron transfer to generate ATP?
ATP synthase
Why is pyruvate dehydrogenase crucial in metabolism?
It links glycolysis to the citric acid cycle
What type of bond connects the phosphate group of one nucleotide to the sugar of another nucleotide?
Phosphodiester bond
In the binding of oxygen to myoglobin, the relationship between the concentration of oxygen and the fraction of binding sites occupied can best be described as, what type of curve?
Hyperbolic
Although they do not form the permeability barrier, _____ perform nearly all other membrane functions such as signal transduction.
Proteins
Which complex of the electron transport chain is primarily responsible for the oxidation of NADH?
Complex I
Which complex transfers electrons from NADH to CoQ?
Complex I
The concentration of protons within the mitochondrial matrix is lower than the concentration of protons in the intermembrane space. The pH of the intermembrane space is 7.4. What is the pH of the matrix?
a. 7.8// b. 7.0//c. 4.0 //d. 7.4
7.8
What type of reaction allows to connect amino acids?
Condensation
Enzymes are potent catalysts because they____ the activation energy for the reactions that they catalyze.
lower
Which enzyme of glycolysis produces fructose-1,6-bisphosphate from fructose-6-phosphate?
Kinase
What is produced when carbon is fully oxidized?
CO2