Chapters 1,2 and 4
What is biology?
A) the scientific study of life
B) the scientific study of the environment
C) the scientific study of DNA
D) the scientific study of ecosystems
A) the scientific study of life
Lactic acid buildup in muscles is a sign that ________.
A) aerobic respiration capacity has not been reached
B) respiration is operating effectively
C) insufficient oxygen is reaching the muscles
D) the muscles will be able to operate continuously for a long time
C) insufficient oxygen is reaching the muscles
Eukaryotic cells have their chromosomes packaged in the ________.
A) nucleus
B) centriole
C) Golgi apparatus
D) nucleolus
A) nucleus
The backbone of DNA consists of ________.
A) nitrogenous bases
B) a repeating sugar-nucleotide-sugar-nucleotide pattern
C) a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern
D) paired nucleotides
C) a repeating sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate pattern
What is the definition of a genetically modified organism?
A) an organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means
B) an organism in which a particular mutation has appeared for the first time
C) a cloned organism carrying two different alleles
A) an organism carrying a gene that was acquired by artificial means
Which structure can perform all the activities required for life?
A) DNA molecules
B) cells
C) organelles
D) nuclei
B) cells
Humans are both ________.
A) heterotrophs and consumers
B) heterotrophs and producers
C) producers and decomposers
D) autotrophs and producers
A) heterotrophs and consumers
A duplicated chromosome consists of two ________.
A) centromeres
B) centrosomes
C) genomes
D) sister chromatids
D) sister chromatids
DNA replication ________.
A) is a slow process that results in virtually no errors
B) requires DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase
C) is a fast process that results in numerous errors
D) requires the cooperation of over a dozen enzymes and other proteins
D) requires the cooperation of over a dozen enzymes and other proteins
A vaccine works by ________.
A) inhibiting bacterial reproduction
B) stimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses
C) killing cells infected with a virus
D) preventing translation of mRNA molecules that code for disease-causing proteins
B) stimulating the immune system to develop lasting defenses
________ is an example of an element.
A) Water
B) Nitrogen
C) Glucose
D) Salt
B) Nitrogen
Photosynthetic organisms are ________.
A) producers that make all of their organic matter from organic molecules that they take in
B) consumers that obtain organic molecules from other living organisms
C) producers that make their own organic matter from inorganic molecules
D) decomposers that obtain nutrients from the soil
C) producers that make their own organic matter from inorganic molecules
________ is a stage of mitosis.
A) Cytokinesis
B) Telophase
C) Interphase
D) DNA synthesis
B) Telophase
What name is given to the collection of traits exhibited by an organism?
A) genome
B) genotype
C) phenotype
C) phenotype
Natural selection can be defined as ________.
A) the evolution of a population of organisms
B) a process in which changes in gene frequencies result from evolution
C) the production of more offspring than can survive in a given environment
D) a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits
D) a process in which organisms with certain inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce than individuals with other traits
The bond between oppositely charged ions is a(n) ________ bond.
A) ionic
B) polar
C) hydrogen
D) covalent
A) ionic
A ________ is an autotroph
A) human
B) mushroom
C) pine tree
D) fish
C) pine tree
Alleles are described as ________.
A) homologous chromosomes
B) environmental factors that affect gene expression
C) alternate versions of a gene
D) alternate phenotypes
C) alternate versions of a gene
The process by which genotype becomes expressed as phenotype is ________.
A) gene regulation
B) transcription
C) gene expression
D) translation
C) gene expression
During his trip on the Beagle, Darwin found that ________.
A) plants and animals living in temperate regions were most similar to each other, regardless of the continent on which they were found
B) plants and animals living on a continent seemed more closely related to each other than to plants and animals living in similar regions on other continents
C) fossils found on a particular continent were clearly not related to the plants and animals living on that continent today
D) plants and animals were similar on every continent and in every type of region
B) plants and animals living on a continent seemed more closely related to each other than to plants and animals living in similar regions on other continents
Most human cells contain ________ chromosomes.
A) 36
B) 46
C) 2
D) 23
B) 46
Photosynthesis contributes to plant growth by ________.
A) taking in oxygen and making wood
B) taking in carbon dioxide and making sugars (carbohydrates)
C) synthesizing carbon dioxide and making cellulose
D) converting sugar to oxygen and water
B) taking in carbon dioxide and making sugars (carbohydrates)
) A couple has two female children. What is the probability that their next child will be male?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 33%
D) 67%
B) 50%
) How are the cells in different body tissues able to perform different functions?
A) The cells exhibit different patterns of gene expression.
B) Different chromosomes have been inactivated in different cells.
C) The cells contain different genes.
D) Mutations have accumulated in the cells over time.
A) The cells exhibit different patterns of gene expression.
Natural selection generally results in ________.
A) increased genetic variation
B) a population that is better adapted to a future environment
C) a population that is adapted to its current environment
D) an increase in the size of a population
C) a population that is adapted to its current environment