Exam 1
A researcher is conducting an experiment testing whether having an accountability buddy system increases exercise. The researcher splits a group of individuals into two groups. The first group is paired with accountability buddies. The second group does not have any accountability buddy. The researcher records the exercise levels of both groups for two weeks. What is the dependent variable?
a. Exercise levels
Fady is texting and walking to class at the same time. What state of consciousness is Fady in?
c. Divided consciousness
Leah does her homework because she does not want the teacher to take off points. What kind of motivation is Leah displaying?
b. Extrinsic motivation
Patricia and Dina both did not do the dishes this week. Patricia thinks to herself: "I did not do the dishes because I forgot, but Dina is just dirty." What is Patricia demonstrating?
a. Actor-observer bias
Emily goes to buy perfume. After smelling several samples, Emily feels like she cannot smell anymore. The salesperson offered Emily to smell some coffee beans. What explains what happened to Emily?
c. Sensory adaption
A researcher is testing whether meditation improves mental health. Which is the null hypothesis?
a. Meditation does not improve mental health
How many stages of sleep are there, including REM sleep?
e. 5 stages
Which of the following is not one of the universal emotions identified by Paul Ekman?
c. Grief
Sami hates group projects because people tend to put less effort and instead rely on other people to do the work. What effect does this demonstrate?
c. Social loafing
Charles has been struggling to breathe when he is asleep. His airway is becoming blocked while he is asleep. What sleep disorder does Charles have?
b. Sleep apnea
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the fight-and-flight response?
b. Sympathetic nervous system
Julia made a grocery list but forgot it at home. She only seemed to remember the items she wrote last on the list. Which term best reflects what happened with Julia?
b. Recency effect
Which theory of emotion states that emotions are caused by a trigger, followed by a physiological response, followed by a cognitive label, and then the emotion?
c. Two-factor theory
Which of the following classification systems includes all the known mental illnesses but also physical illnesses around the world?
b. ICD-11
Majed is learning math and is now able to add, multiply, divide, and subtract numbers. He is also able to apply basic reasoning and logic to understand science, like how matter can be a solid, liquid, or gas. What stage of development is Majed in?
c. Concrete operational
A nerve cell gets depolarized to -60mV. What happens to the cell?
d. No action potential is fired
Hans need to memorize an amazon order. He groups the items by theme (e.g., bedroom, bathroom, kitchen) and makes an acronym. What technique is Hans using?
c. Chunking
Komari is interested in developing their connections and having closer relationships. They would like to be less alone and more connected to others and are also starting to ask themselves if they would like a family of their own. What stage of development is Komari in?
c. Intimacy vs. isolation
To be diagnosed with persistent depressive disorder, one must have had depressive symptoms for at least:
c. 2 years
In Mary Ainsworth’s experiment - Marcello is not concerned when his mother leaves the room. He also pays no attention to her when she returns. He sometimes even seeks distance from her, leaning away and stiffening when she approaches. What is Marcello’s attachment style?
b. Avoidant attachment
What is responsible for color vision and seeing fine details?
a. Cones
John dates Veronica for some time but it ends badly. After it ends, John tells himself that “he knew it would happen”, even though in reality he was hopeful and positive about the relationship and did not expect things to end this way. What bias/heuristic may John be experiencing?
b. Hindsight bias
Gordon is a child psychologist. He does the “3 mountains task” with one of the children at the clinic. The child assumes that her view of the mountains is the same as Gordon’s view, not taking into consideration that Gordon’s perspective could be different. What cognitive phenomenon is the child demonstrating?
a. Egocentrism
Which therapy teaches patients how to control bodily functions that seem involuntary, like heart rate and muscle tension?
b. Biofeedback
Which type of hallucination is the most common?
b. Auditory