Islam
Byzantine Empire
Crusades
Middle Ages
Church
100
The branch of Islam that believed all caliphs must be descendants from Mohammad.
Shia
100
The rules Justians Code was based on.
Roman Law
100
The word “crusade” comes from what Latin word.
the Latin word crux meaning cross.
100
The political and social system of the middle ages; the economic system of the middle ages
Feudalism; Manorialism
100
The head of the Roman Catholic Church
The pope
200
The branch of Islam that believed any devout Muslim could become Caliph
Sunni
200
Justinans wife, who supported women's rights and acted as co-ruler
Theodora
200
Two effects of the Crusades.
• Stimulated TRADE -new products introduced -cities and towns grew in importance -port cities in Italy became important trading centers (Venice) • Weakened Feudalism -Nobles and Knights left or sold their fiefs to fight. -Many serfs were given freedom. • Kings of Europe became more powerful • Increased use of money • Spread of ideas, cultures, and advancements
200
The feudal system exchanged___________ for _____________.
Land; protection
200
What were the materialistic or worldly reasons one might enter a monastery?
Protection, food, shelter
300
built by Abraham and Ishmael as the first place of worship to Allah. All Muslims must take a pilgrimage to this location
Kaaba
300
Constantinople linked these two bodies of water and two regions
Black sea and Mediterranean Sea; Asia and Europe
300
Three reasons people fought in the Crusades.
• Religious convictions (They believed it was their duty as Christians.) • Pope promised forgiveness of sins for anyone who fought in Crusades. • Serfs were freed from their role in the feudal system. • Taxes would be paid by Church and any debt would be cancelled. • Gain personal wealth by claiming riches in Holy Land. • Adventure
300
The three agricultural achievements that helped society transition from Manors to towns.
New plow, three field system, increased use of horses
300
People who supported the veneration (worship) of religious images.
Iconophiles
400
The cloth covering placed over the holy building in Mecca
Kiswa
400
The major geographic drawback of Constantinople
No strong natural barriers existed
400
Explain the start of the Crusades.
***Holy Land was closed to Christians. • Around 1095 C.E., a new group of Muslims (Seljuk Turks) took control of the Holy Lands, including Jerusalem, and closed it to all Jewish and Christian pilgrims. • The Emperor of the Byzantine Empire asked Pope Urban II for help in regaining these lands for Christians. • Pope Urban II agreed to help and called for the first Crusade.
400
Explain the three field system.
Plant two different crops on two field and leave the third field empty for grazing and manure to enrich the soil. Each season alternate what two field you plant crops on
400
The term describing the belief that Kings are chosen by God.
The divine right of kings
500
The process of cleansing your mind body and soul before entering Mosque
Wudu
500
Name two accomplishments of Justinian
Code of laws, womens rights, building projects
500
The three reasons Pope Urban II agreed to the Crusades.
Give the Roman Catholic Church power over the church of the Byzantine Empire
Reduce warfare at home – Nobles fight the Muslims instead of each other
Religious duty
500
The reason Richard I would send envoys into Muslim camps. The same reason that Saladin would accept Christian envoys.
To gain information about the disposition and mindset of the enemy in the hopes of gaining a strategic advantage
500
Explain the differences between East and West after the Great Schism.
